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Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zone in the Drought-Prone Area of Bangladesh Using GIS-Based Bivariate Models

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Abstract

Groundwater is one of the most dynamic and renewable natural resources found in the earth’s crust. A spatio-temporal assessment of groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) incorporating different seasons is essential to generate detailed information of groundwater distribution to maintain sustainable management and mitigate the drought consequences. This present study aimed at developing a spatio-temporal groundwater mapping approach by considering climatic factors implementing different bivariate statistic models, namely, frequency ratio (FR), Shannon’s entropy (SE), and weights of evidence. The developed approach was applied in the drought-prone area of Bangladesh to map spatio-temporal variation of GWPZ. Eighteen (18) conditioning factors including six climatic criteria under different thematic components were used, and the produced potential maps were then categorized into five classes for illustrating the spatial view, and all of them were evaluated through the method of receiver operating characteristics considering the validation wells (30%) data. The bivariate statistics models were found highly effective for both Kharif (wet) and Rabi (dry) seasons and suggest that the northeastern part of the study area, namely Bogra, Sirajganj, Pabna, and Joypurhat districts, have adequate groundwater availability; in contrast, the western part covering Chapainawabganj, Naogaon, and Rajshahi district shows scarcity of groundwater. A slight fluctuation observed for all models indicates high availability of groundwater in the Kharif season because of different climatic factors. Besides, the area under the curve score suggests that the FR model was more accurate for both season, and conversely the SE model was found less efficient to predict GWPZ. The findings suggest that the proposed approach is highly significant in mapping spatio-temporal GWPZ to formulate sustainable management strategies and to mitigate future drought consequences.

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Acknowledgment

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their intellectual suggestions. We also acknowledge Bangladesh Agriculture Research Council (BARC), Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), and Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) for providing necessary data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh

    Naser Ahmed & Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque

  2. Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque & Biswajeet Pradhan

  3. Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Choongmu-gwan, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea

    Biswajeet Pradhan

  4. King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80234, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Biswajeet Pradhan

  5. Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Biswajeet Pradhan

  6. Department of Geomorphology, Tarbiat Modares University, 36581-17994, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Arabameri

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  1. Naser Ahmed
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Ahmed, N., Hoque, M.AA., Pradhan, B. et al. Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zone in the Drought-Prone Area of Bangladesh Using GIS-Based Bivariate Models. Nat Resour Res 30, 3315–3337 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-021-09870-0

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