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Advanced probiotics: bioengineering and their therapeutic application

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Abstract

The role of gut bacteria in human health has long been acknowledged and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been correlated with a variety of disorders. Synthetic biology has rapidly grown over the past few years offering a variety of biological applications such as harnessing the relationship between bacteria and human health. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are thought to be appropriate chassis organisms for genetic modification with potential biomedical applications. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind their beneficial qualities is essential to assist the multifunctional medicinal sectors. Effective genome editing will aid in the creation of next-generation designer probiotics with enhanced resilience and specialized capabilities, furthering our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind the physiological impacts of probiotics and their interactions with the host and microbiota. The goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of the methods used to create modified probiotics with the scientific rationale behind gene editing technology, the mechanism of action of engineered probiotics along with their application to treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, bacterial infections, and various metabolic diseases. In addition, application concerns and future directions are also presented.

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Data availability

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Abbreviations

LAB:

Lactic Acid Bacteria

EcN:

E. coli Nissle

CRISPR- Cas9:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR associated protein 9

PAM:

Protospacer adjacent motif

TALEN:

Transcription activator- like effector nucleases

ZFN:

Zinc finger nucleases

SLIC:

Synchronized lysing integrated circuit

IBD:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

Lc. lactis:

Lactococcus lactis

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India

    Tamanna Parvin & Sudha Rani Sadras

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  1. Tamanna Parvin
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  2. Sudha Rani Sadras
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TP drafted the manuscript and made the figures. SR critically reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Parvin, T., Sadras, S.R. Advanced probiotics: bioengineering and their therapeutic application. Mol Biol Rep 51, 361 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09309-8

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