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Molecular basis and current insights of atypical Rho small GTPase in cancer

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Abstract

Atypical Rho GTPases are a subtype of the Rho GTPase family that are involved in diverse cellular processes. The typical Rho GTPases, led by RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, have been well studied, while relative studies on atypical Rho GTPases are relatively still limited and have great exploration potential. With the increase in studies, current evidence suggests that atypical Rho GTPases regulate multiple biological processes and play important roles in the occurrence and development of human cancers. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the molecular basis of atypical Rho GTPases and their roles in cancer. We summarize the sequence characteristics, subcellular localization and biological functions of each atypical Rho GTPase. Moreover, we review the recent advances and potential mechanisms of atypical Rho GTPases in the development of multiple cancers. A comprehensive understanding and extensive exploration of the biological functions of atypical Rho GTPases and their molecular mechanisms in tumors will provide important insights into the pathophysiology of tumors and the development of cancer therapeutic strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Hua Huang, Sijia Wang, Yifei Guan & Xinhui Liu

  2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China

    Jing Ren

  3. Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Xinhui Liu

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  1. Hua Huang
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  2. Sijia Wang
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  3. Yifei Guan
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  4. Jing Ren
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Hua Huang and Xinhui Liu conceived the idea and wrote the manuscript for this study. Sijia Wang and Jing Ren wrote the abstract and made the tables, respectively. Sijia Wang and Yifei Guan made the figures. Jing Ren and Xinhui Liu critically revised the manuscript and provided supervision.

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Huang, H., Wang, S., Guan, Y. et al. Molecular basis and current insights of atypical Rho small GTPase in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 51, 141 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-09140-7

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