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Oxidative stress in bladder cancer: an ally or an enemy?

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Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and despite all innovations, remains a major challenge due to high morbidity and mortality. Genomic and epigenetic analyses allowed the discovery of new genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of BC. However, the effect on mortality has been modest and the development of new targets for BC treatment are needed. Recent evidence suggests that cancer cells are under increased stress associated with oncogenic transformation, with changes in metabolic activity and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased amounts of ROS in cancer cells are associated with stimulation of cellular proliferation, promotion of mutations and genetic instability, as well as alterations in cellular sensitivity to anticancer agents. Since these mechanisms occur in cancer cells, there is a close link between oxidative stress (OS) and BC with implications in prevention, carcinogenesis, prognosis, and treatment. We address the role of OS as an enemy towards BC development, as well as an ally to fight against BC. This review promises to expand our treatment options for BC with OS-based therapies and launches this approach as an opportunity to improve our ability to select patients most likely to respond to personalized therapy.

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Funding

This research was funded by the National Funds via Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal through Strategic Projects UID/NEU/04539/2019,UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020 (CIBB), by the Fellowship SFRH/BD/ 136973/2018 from FCT, and by the “Bolsa de Investigação JABA RECORDATI Urologia 2017”.

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Author notes

  1. Fernando Mendes and Eurico Pereira have contributed equally for this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro - SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal

    Fernando Mendes & Diana Martins

  2. Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Fernando Mendes, Eurico Pereira, Diana Martins, Edgar Tavares-Silva, Ana Salomé Pires, Ana Margarida Abrantes, Arnaldo Figueiredo & Maria Filomena Botelho

  3. Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Fernando Mendes, Diana Martins, Edgar Tavares-Silva, Ana Salomé Pires, Ana Margarida Abrantes, Arnaldo Figueiredo & Maria Filomena Botelho

  4. Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal

    Fernando Mendes, Eurico Pereira, Diana Martins, Edgar Tavares-Silva, Ana Salomé Pires, Ana Margarida Abrantes, Arnaldo Figueiredo & Maria Filomena Botelho

  5. Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal

    Edgar Tavares-Silva & Arnaldo Figueiredo

Authors
  1. Fernando Mendes
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  2. Eurico Pereira
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  3. Diana Martins
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  4. Edgar Tavares-Silva
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  5. Ana Salomé Pires
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  6. Ana Margarida Abrantes
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  7. Arnaldo Figueiredo
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  8. Maria Filomena Botelho
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Contributions

Conceptualization, FM, DM, AMA and MFB; methodology, ETS, AF, ASP and EP; writing review draft preparation, FM, DM, ETS, ASP and EP; writing—review and editing, FM, DM, AMA, ETS, EP, AF and MFB; supervision, FM, DM and MFB; funding acquisition, FM, ETS, AMA and AF.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fernando Mendes.

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Mendes, F., Pereira, E., Martins, D. et al. Oxidative stress in bladder cancer: an ally or an enemy?. Mol Biol Rep 48, 2791–2802 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06266-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06266-4

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