Correction to: Review on the recent progress in the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids

Numerous researches to prepare and stabilize graphene-based nanofluids have been developed.


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Correction Nanofluids have some important characteristics for different utilizations, for example, high heat conductivity, ultrafast heat transfer ability, good stability, reduction in erosion and friction coefficient, and good lubrication, as compared to dispersions containing microparticles, nanofluids present higher heat conductivity, better stability, and lower friction coefficient.

Original text-Heading section: Introduction
The GNF is well known for its easy synthesis, longer suspension stability, higher TC, lower erosion, corrosion, larger surface area/volume ratio, and lower demand for pumping power.

Correction
The graphene-based nanofluid (GNF) is well known for its easy synthesis, longer suspension stability, higher TC, lower erosion, corrosion, larger surface area/volume ratio, and lower demand for pumping power [6].
6. Original text-Heading section: Introduction GO is a great interest of researchers due to easy access, low cost, and extensive capability to convert to rGO.

Correction
GO is a great interest of researchers due to easy access, low cost, and extensive capability to convert to reduced graphene oxide (rGO).

Original text-Heading section: Introduction
The great prospects are expressed about their utilizations in different fields.

Correction
The great prospects are expressed about their utilizations in different fields. Many researches are being performed on modifying the properties of nanomaterials to expand their use [7].
10. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene Pyrolysis provides the simplicity of the procedure and can be extended for production.

Correction
Pyrolysis is a simple solution for graphene production and can be extended for large-scale production.
11. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene  14. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene 15. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene Moreover, graphene can be made via continuous processing, as a result of the collected material outside the chamber.

Correction
Moreover, graphene can be made via continuous processing, because of the collected material outside the chamber.
16. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene Nonetheless, the production yield is poor, and the fnal product has impurities. In this technique, Choucair et al. heated 1: 1 molar ratio of sodium (2 g) and ethanol (5 mL) in a closed reactor at 220 °C for 72 h to obtain the solid solvothermal product-graphene precursors, which was then quickly pyrolyzed, and the remaining product was cleaned using DI (100 mL).

Correction
Nonetheless, the quality of final product is not high since it has impurities. Using this technique, Choucair et al. heated 1: 1 molar ratio of sodium (2 g) and ethanol (5 mL) in a closed reactor at 220 °C for 72 h to obtain the solid solvothermal product-graphene precursors, which was then quickly pyrolyzed, the remaining product was cleaned using DI (100 mL).

Original text-Heading section:
Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene Between the graphite interlayer space, various chemical species can be added to obtain GIC.

Correction
Between the graphite interlayer spaces, various chemical species can be added to obtain GIC.
18. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene Also, rapid heating has been considered as a possible solution bringing about significant yields of dispersed carbon powders with a few percents of carbon flakes [46].

Correction
Also, rapid heating has been considered as a possible solution bringing about significant yields of dispersed carbon powders with a few percent of carbon flakes [46].
19. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene These techniques are able to be broadly classified into exfoliation, chemical synthesis, pyrolysis, CVD, see Fig. 3.

Correction
These techniques are able to be broadly classified into exfoliation, chemical synthesis, pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), see Fig. 3.

Original text-Heading section:
Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene For the removal of residual acid content, the sample was washed with DI several times.

Correction
For the removal of residual acid content, the sample was washed with deionized water (DI) several times.

21.
Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene They carried out the reaction by utilizing CH 4 as the carbon source and H 2 as the carrier gas in a ratio of 4:1, then they stirred the product in HCl solution and washed it several times with DW.

Correction
They carried out the reaction by utilizing CH 4 as the carbon source and H 2 as the carrier gas in a ratio of 4:1, and then they stirred the product in HCl solution and washed it several times with distilled water (DW).

Original text-Heading section:
Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene Between the graphite interlayer space, various chemical species can be added to obtain GIC.

Correction
Between the graphite interlayer space, various chemical species can be added to obtain graphite intercalation compound (GIC).
23. Original text-Heading section: Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene The graphene nanopowders/flakes, sized from nm to µm, can be produced by chemical reduction in GIO, which is one kind of the conventional procedures for the synthesis of graphene in huge amount.

Correction
The graphene nanopowders/flakes, sized from nm to µm, can be produced by chemical reduction in graphite oxide (GIO), which is one kind of the conventional procedures for the synthesis of graphene in huge amount.

Original text-Heading section:
Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of graphene Besides manufacturing graphene layers, CVD can be utilized to synthesize GNSs.

Correction
Besides manufacturing graphene layers, CVD can be utilized to synthesize graphene nanosheets (GNSs).  Compared to the GO precursor, rGO created by this technique typically presents a substandard EC and surface area.

Correction
Compared to the GO precursor, rGO created by this technique typically presents a substandard electrical conductivity (EC) and surface area.

Original text-Heading section:
Preparation of graphene, GO, and rGO-Subheading section: Preparation of rGO Recently, in most of the nanofluid experimental researches, the nanoparticles have been supplied by the manufacturer.

Correction
Recently, in most of the nanofluid experimental researches, the nanoparticles have been supplied by the manufacturer (SBM).

Original text-Heading section: Preparation of nanofluids
But the strict condition is required for such a process.

Correction
However, the strict condition is required for such a process.

Original text-Heading section: Preparation of nanofluids
A higher shear mixing or ultrasonic vibrator is mostly used to homogenize nanopowders with BFs.

Original text-Heading section: Stability of nanofluids
Balancing the competing interactions supports nanoparticle dispersion and prevents aggregation and clustering that were investigated as factors increasing TC of nanofluids.

Correction
Balancing the competing interactions supports nanoparticle dispersion and prevents aggregation and clustering that were investigated as factors increasing thermal conductivity (TC) of nanofluids.

Original text-Heading section:
Stability of nanofluids-Subheading section: Stability mechanisms

Original text-Heading section: Applications of GNF
The heat exchanger is utilized broadly in industry and particularly in process plants, for example power plants, cooling towers, refneries, etc.

Correction
The heat exchanger is broadly utilized in industry and particularly in process plants, for example power plants, cooling towers, refineries, and so on.

Original text-Heading section: Applications of GNF
The authors recommend to further investigate graphenebased nanoparticles with metallic and metallic oxides nanoparticles by changing the concentration, inlet temperature, flow rate, and pumping power.

Correction
The above sentence should be omitted.

Original text-Heading section: Conclusions and outlook
Another important research priorities are the investigation of sonication time and power on GNFs and finding the optimal settings.

Correction
Another important research priority is the investigation of sonication time and power on GNFs and finding the optimal settings [12].

Original text-Heading section: Conclusions and outlook
The shape of graphene nanoparticles is very important for their properties. There is a need to investigate further the efect of morphological, fuid and thermal properties, and use of diferent BFs, which helps to increase the thermal and fow performance and improve the production of nanofuids.

Correction
The shape of graphene nanoparticles has significant effect on their properties. There is a need to investigate further the effect of morphological and base fluid type on thermal properties of this type of nanofluids.

Original text-Heading section: Conclusions and outlook
In diferent high-temperature thermal applications, the physical phenomenon with other materials should be studied as corrosion, friction.

Correction
In different high-temperature thermal applications such as solar energy applications, the stability control is more critical.

Original text-Heading section: Conclusions and outlook
Development of more suitable surfactants and methods, the optimum amount of surfactant for better stability of nanofuids will be an interesting topic.

Correction
Development of suitable surfactants and methods, determining the optimum amount of surfactant for better stability of nanofluids will be an interesting topic. Fig. 18 summarizes the future challenges for GNFs.

Original text-Heading section: Conclusions and outlook
In addition, various functionalizations and heteroatoms of GO can be checked in more detail.

Correction
In addition, various functionalization approaches and heteroatoms of GO can be checked in more detail.