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Thermal–hydraulic efficiency management of spiral heat exchanger filled with Cu–ZnO/water hybrid nanofluid

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Abstract

In this paper, the effect of different channel spacing in spiral heat exchanger filled with Cu–ZnO–water hybrid nanofluid was investigated to find the optimum thermal–hydraulic performance. The hot water flow enters into the test section from central aperture of heat exchanger, and the cold hybrid nanofluid flow enters into the test section from the outer aperture of the heat exchanger. The effects of different flow velocities, nanoparticles φ and channel spacing values have been analyzed. Results have been presented on Nusselt number, outlet temperature, pressure drop and PEC. According to the obtained results, channel spacing decrease in constant flow velocity values is more effective than volume fraction increase on outlet temperature improvement. Also, an increase in inlet flow velocity leads to lower heat transfer between cold and hot channels, but the growth of volume fraction can improve the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger at high velocities. On the other hand, the reduction in channel spacing leads to more pressure drop penalty. Especially for the hot water flow, this behavior reduces the hydraulic performance of heat exchanger. The less the channel spacing, the more the pressure drop. The highest average Nusselt number occurs at a velocity of 0.45 (m s−1) and φ = 4% at a channel spacing of 35 mm. The maximum value of the pressure drop occurs at b = 2.5–5 mm. Besides considering the PEC value, 2% volume fraction is recommended for the spiral heat exchanger.

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Abbreviations

A s :

Inside heat transfer surface (m2)

b :

Channel spacing (mm)

c r :

Curvature ratio

c p :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

D h :

Hydraulic diameter (mm)

h :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

H :

Width of the plate (mm)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L m :

Mean plate length (mm)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

n :

Number of turns

Nu:

Nusselt number

P :

Pitch of the spiral plate (mm)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

\(\dot{q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (J s−1)

R :

Spiral radius (mm)

Re:

Reynolds number

t :

Plate thickness (mm)

T :

Temperature (K)

V m :

Fluid mean velocity (m s−1)

φ 1, φ 2, φ :

Hybrid nanofluid concentration (%)

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg m−3)

1:

First internal spiral curve

2:

Second internal spiral curve

c:

Cold

f:

Fluid

h:

Hot

in:

Inlet

LMTD:

Logarithmic mean temperature difference

nf:

Hybrid nanofluid

out:

Outlet

p1, p2, p:

Nanoparticle

w:

Water

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Sara Rostami

  2. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Sara Rostami

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

    Alireza Aghaei

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Ali Hassani Joshaghani

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Hossein Mahdavi Hezaveh

  6. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    Mohsen Sharifpur & Josua P. Meyer

  7. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Mohsen Sharifpur

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  1. Sara Rostami
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  2. Alireza Aghaei
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  3. Ali Hassani Joshaghani
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Correspondence to Mohsen Sharifpur.

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Rostami, S., Aghaei, A., Hassani Joshaghani, A. et al. Thermal–hydraulic efficiency management of spiral heat exchanger filled with Cu–ZnO/water hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 143, 1569–1582 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09721-9

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