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PAN/PVA composite nanofibrous membranes for separating oil-in-water emulsion

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Abstract

In this work, nanofibrous membranes for separating oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion were prepared by electrospinning. The membrane material was polymer blend of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and by adjusting polymer composition and concentration, as well as applying crosslinking by glutaraldehyde (GD) and hydrolysis inside NaOH solution, membrane with desired properties, particularly hydrophilicity and underwater oil repellency were obtained. For PAN/PVA composite membrane modified by glutaraldehyde for 1.5 h and NaOH for 1.5 h, the water contact angle initially was around 5° and decreased to 0o with a transition time of only 0.3 s. The membrane also showed recommendable performance in O/W emulsion separation. Under a driving force of 0.8 kPa, the highest starting flux of 953 L/m2h and 532 L/m2h were registered with the treatment of surfactant-free emulsion (SFE) and surfactant-stabilized emulsion (SSE), respectively. The membrane recovered 96% of its initial flux in a 5-cycle reusability test using SFE, and the oil rejection coefficient maintained higher than 97%. FTIR and XPS characterizations confirmed the success in chemical modifications. It was also found that glutaraldehyde crosslinking helped to improve the macroscopic structure integrity of the membrane in aqueous environment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Guiqing Zhang for the suggestions in formulating and preparing the oil-in-water emulsions. This work was supported Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Project (2018TP1003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China

    Hui Guo, Dong Zhang & Lanying Jiang

  2. National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, China

    Lanying Jiang

  3. Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, China

    Lanying Jiang

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  1. Hui Guo
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  2. Dong Zhang
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Highlights

• A new strategy for preparing superhydrophilic composite membranes was proposed.

• Synergy of PVA and PAN in terms of the easy crosslinking and hydrolysis was the key to the membrane property.

• In O/W emulsion separation, the highest lacks flux units was 937 and the rejection was 98%.

• The membrane also exhibited good performance in mechanical strength and reusability.

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Guo, H., Zhang, D. & Jiang, L. PAN/PVA composite nanofibrous membranes for separating oil-in-water emulsion. J Polym Res 29, 108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-02954-2

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