Abstract
Research on faking behavior and underlying intentions has mostly employed an intraindividual perspective, stressing the role of individual-level predictors. Inspired by theoretical arguments (e.g., from socioecological psychology) and cross-cultural studies, we hypothesize and demonstrate that in addition to individual-level predictors, there are also regional differences in faking intentions (within a country) and systematic links to regional-level features. Specifically, we tested and compared individual- and region-level predictors of applicant faking intentions (N = 4860 MTurk workers) across the largest 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas of the USA using multi-level techniques. We found individual-level effects of conscientiousness, competitive worldviews, and religiosity on individual-level faking intentions. On the regional level, macro-psychological conscientiousness was negatively associated with the average faking intentions in a region, while macro-psychological competitive worldviews (i.e., the prevailing competitive worldviews in a region) showed a positive relationship. Additionally, macro-psychological competitive worldviews predicted individual-level faking intentions even when controlling for individual-level competitive worldviews. No effects were found for regional parameters such as the economic situation of a region. We discuss implications for research and personnel selection.
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Notes
This project is a stand-alone study; the data were not collected in the course of a larger data collection effort or a larger research project.
We also re-ran all analyses using all three indicators as individual predictors and found similar results.
In this correlation matrix, the high positive correlation between macro-psychological religiosity and the regional crime rate is noticeable. Additional analyses showed that the regional poverty rate is a strong covariate in this context and that the relationship can be partially traced back to this covariate (partial correlation controlling for regional poverty rate = .36, p < .05).
To examine the stability of the results across faking types, additional analyses were also conducted for both sub-facets of the faking intention scale (Levashina & Campion, 2007). Results for “slight image creation” were identical to those presented in Table 2. Results were also very similar for “extensive image creation” but highlighted additionally significant contextual effects of conscientiousness and religiosity. Overall, the same conclusions were obtained for overall faking intentions and for both sub-facets of faking intentions. For instance, regional competitive worldviews were always by far the regional predictor explaining the most variance (~50–~80%) on the regional level. Detailed results are available from the authors upon request.
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We thank Samuel D. Gosling for providing us with reference data of 50 MSAs.
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Schilling, M., Roulin, N., Obschonka, M. et al. Do You Fake More Because of Your Neighbors? A Multi-level Study on Regional and Individual Predictors of Faking Intentions Across the USA. J Bus Psychol 36, 193–209 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09664-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09664-5