Skip to main content
Log in

Functional Assessment and Intervention for Disruptive Classroom Behaviors in Preschool and Head Start Classrooms

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Behavioral Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Functional assessment procedures have proven useful for developing effective individualized interventions for a wide variety of populations and behavioral concerns. However, fewer studies have been conducted with preschool students who exhibit high incidence problem behaviors. The current study includes data from comprehensive functional assessments and interventions implemented in preschool and Head Start classrooms. Three preschool students and five teachers participated in the study. Each student received a comprehensive functional assessment for problem behavior that included a teacher interview, descriptive assessment, and abbreviated functional analysis. Assessment data were used to develop individualized function-based interventions that were implemented by experimenters and teachers. The function-based interventions resulted in decreases in problem behavior for all three students. Additionally, convergence between functional assessment procedures was obtained for all participants. Finally, social validity data indicated that teachers found the assessment and intervention procedures acceptable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, D. R. (1983). Prevalence of behavioral and emotional disturbance and specific problem types in a sample of disadvantaged preschool-ages children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 130–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arndorfer, R. E., & Miltenberger, R. G. (1994). Home-based descriptive and experimental analysis of problem behaviors in children. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 14, 64–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. M. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 91–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bakeman, R., & Gottman, J. M. (1986). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyajian, A. E., DuPaul, G. J., Wartel-Handler, M., Eckert, T. L., McGoey, K. E. (2001). The use of classroom-based brief functional analyses with preschoolers at-risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. School Psychology Review, 30, 278–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buscemi, L., Bennett, T., & Thomas, D. (1996). Head Start: Challenges and training needs. Journal of Early Intervention, 20, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, S. B. (1991). Longitudinal studies of active and aggressive preschoolers: Individual differences in early behavior and outcome. In D. Cicchetti, & S. L. Toth (Eds.), Rochester symposium on developmental psychopathology (pp. 57–90). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

  • Cooper, L. J., Wacker, D. P., Thursby, D., Plagmann, L. A., Harding, J., Millard, T., et al. (1992). Analysis of the effects of task preferences, task demands, and adult attention on child behavior in outpatient and classroom settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 823–840.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doggett, R. A., Edwards, R. P., Moore, J. W., Tingstrom, D. H., & Wilczynski, S. M. (2001). An approach to functional assessment in general education classroom settings. School Psychology Review, 30, 313–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doggett, R. A., Mueller, M. M., & Moore, J. W. (2002). Functional assessment informant record for teachers: Creation, evaluation, and future research. Proven Practice, 4, 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufrene, B. A., Noell, G. H., Gilbertson, D. N., & Duhon, G. J. (2005). Monitoring implementation of reciprocal peer tutoring: Identifying and intervening with students who do not maintain accurate implementation. School Psychology Review, 34, 99–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, T. L., Hintze, J. M., & Shapiro, E. S. (1999). Development and refinement of a measure for assessing the acceptability of assessment methods: The assessment Rating Profile-Revised. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 15, 21–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, R. P. (2002). A tutorial for using the functional assessment informant record for teachers. Proven Practice, 4, 31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egeland, B., Kalkoske, M., Gottesman, N., & Erickson, M. F. (1990). Preschool behavior problems: Stability and factors accounting for change. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 891–909.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ervin, R. A., Radford, P. M., Bertsch, K., Piper, A. L., Ehrhardt, K. E., & Poling, A. (2001). A descriptive analysis and critique of the empirical literature on school-based functional assessment. School Psychology Review, 30, 193–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, C. R., Terry, B., Arreaga-Mayer, C., & Finney, R. (1992). The classwide peer tutoring program: Implementation factors moderating students’ achievement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 101–116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gresham, F. M., McIntyre, L. L., Olson-Tinker, H., Dolstra, L., McLaughlin, V., & Van, M. (2004). Relevance of functional behavioral assessment research for school-based interventions and positive behavioral support. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25, 19–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gresham, F. M., Watson, T. S., & Skinner, C. H. (2001). Functional behavior assessment: Principles, procedures, and future directions. School Psychology Review, 30, 156–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, D. E., & Richman, G. S. (1982). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamps, D. M., Ellis, C., Mancina, C., Wyble, J., Greene, L., & Harvey, D. (1995). Case studies using functional analysis for young children with behavior risks. Education and Treatment of Children, 18, 243–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martens, B. K., Witt, J. C., Elliott, S. N., & Darveaux, D. (1985). Teacher judgments concerning the acceptability of school-based interventions. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 16, 191–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKerchar, P. M., & Thompson, R. H. (2004). A descriptive analysis of potential reinforcement contingencies in the preschool classroom. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37, 431–444.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development, 61, 311–346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. W., Doggett, R. A., Edwards, R. P., & Olmi, D. J. (1999). Using functional assessment and teacher-implemented functional analysis outcomes to guide intervention for two students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Proven Practice: Prevention and Remediation Solutions for Schools, 2, 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, M. M., Sterling-Turner, H. E., & Moore, J. W. (2005). Towards developing a classroom-based functional analysis condition to assess escape to attention as a variable maintaining problem behavior. School Psychology Review, 34, 425–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noell, G. H., Duhon, G. J., Gatti, S. L., & Connell, J. E. (2002). Consultation, follow-up, and implementation of behavior management interventions in general education. School Psychology Review, 31, 217–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northup, J., Wacker, D., Sasso, G., Steege, M., Cigrand, K., Cook, J., et al. (1991). A brief functional analysis of aggressive and alternative behavior in an outclinic setting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 509–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S. L., Rose, S. A., & Feldman, J. (1989). Stability of behavior problems in very young children. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, T. M., & Nelson, C. M. (1999). Functional behavioral assessment: Implications for training and staff development. Behavioral Disorders, 24, 249–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shriver, M. D., Anderson, C. M., & Proctor, B. (2001). Evaluating the validity of functional behavior assessment. School Psychology Review, 30, 180–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, J., & Goodman, R. (2001). Association between behaviour at age 3 years and adult criminality. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 197–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toogood, S., & Timlin, K. (1996). The functional assessment of challenging behaviour: A comparison of informant-based, descriptive, and experimental methods. Journal of Applied Research in Developmental Disabilities, 9, 206–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • VanDerHeyden, A. M., Witt, J. C., & Gatti, S. (2001). Descriptive assessment method to reduce overall disruptive behavior in a preschool classroom. School Psychology Review, 30, 548–567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Brock, M. D., & Elliott, S. N. (1987). Influence of treatment effectiveness information on the acceptability of classroom interventions. Journal of School Psychology, 25, 131–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, T. S., Dufrene, B. A., Weaver, A. D., Butler, T., Meeks, C. (2005). Brief antecedent assessment and treatment of tics in the regular education classroom: A preliminary investigation. Behavior Modification, 29, 839–857.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1998). Conduct problems and level of social competence in Head Start children: Prevalence, pervasiveness, and associated risk factors. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 101–124.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M. J., & Hammond, M. (2001). Preventing conduct problems, promoting social competence: A parent and teacher training partnership in Head Start. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 283–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witt, J. C., Noell, G. H., LaFleur, L. H., & Mortenson, B. P. (1997). Teacher usage of interventions in general education: Measurement and analysis of the independent variable. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 693–696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brad A. Dufrene.

Additional information

This article is taken, in part, from the first author's doctoral dissertation research completed in the school psychology program at Mississippi State University. The authors would like to thank committee members Sandy Devlin, Anastasia Elder, and Carl Sheperis for their thoughtful comments and suggestions during project development and completion. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Jennifer Kazmerski, Carey Davis Bates, and Amber Dufrene for their support during data collection.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dufrene, B.A., Doggett, R.A., Henington, C. et al. Functional Assessment and Intervention for Disruptive Classroom Behaviors in Preschool and Head Start Classrooms. J Behav Educ 16, 368–388 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-007-9048-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-007-9048-8

Keywords

Navigation