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Yttrium doped magnesium ferrite nanoparticles: a potential solar light driven photocatalyst for deterioration of hazardous dyes

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Abstract

Spinel ferrites have been gaining stupendous interest in science and technology due to their multifunctional properties. Herein, we have reported the synthesis of yttrium-doped magnesium ferrite, MgFe2−xYxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.04 and 0.08), via the sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that the synthesized ferrites have crystallized in the cubic spinel phase. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) reveal the characteristic vibrational bands corresponding to metal-oxygen stretching between 561 and 566 cm−1 and 427–429 cm−1. Y3+ doping demonstrates a drop in bandgap energy of MgFe2O4, extending their absorption into the visible region. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra disclose the efficient charge carrier separation of Y3+ -doped MgFe2O4. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images illustrate their aggregated morphology, while energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis clarifies the successful insertion of Y3+ ions into the MgFe2O4 lattice. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis reveals an escalation in porosity and textural characteristics. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) indicates that Y3+ ion substitution reduces saturation magnetization and coercivity in pure MgFe2O4. The photocatalytic efficacy of MgFe2−xYxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.04 and 0.08) was tested against methylene blue (MB) dye under direct sunlight. The results indicate that their efficiency magnifies with the rising Y3+ concentration and attains a maximum degrading capacity of 86% in a short period of 35 min. The Y3+-doped MgFe2O4 nanoferrites prove themselves as outstanding photocatalysts, exhibiting extraordinary properties like easy magnetic recovery, reusability and cost-effectiveness, serving as potential candidates for practical applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Durgalakshmi, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Physics, Anna University, Chennai, for her kind help.

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  1. Department of Physics, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600008, India

    A. Reshmina Tony & A. V. Jhone Verjhula

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  1. A. Reshmina Tony
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ART and AVJV formulated the concept and design of the experiments. The authors performed the experiments, executed data analysis and interpreted the results. Both authors contributed to the research paper and worked towards the final draft of the manuscript after many revisions.

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Correspondence to A. V. Jhone Verjhula.

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Tony, A.R., Verjhula, A.V.J. Yttrium doped magnesium ferrite nanoparticles: a potential solar light driven photocatalyst for deterioration of hazardous dyes. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 481 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12160-z

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