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In situ electrosynthesis of polypyrrole/nano Bi2O4 composite for supercapacitor applications

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Abstract

Polypyrrole/Bi2O4 (PPy/Bi2O4) composite is synthesized by an electrochemical process in acetonitrile in the presence of Py monomer and Bi(BF4)3 on the surface of the stainless steel mesh (SSM) for supercapacitor anode via in-situ formation of the components. The properties of the resulting coating are analyzed using various techniques: EIS, cyclic voltammetry, XPS, XRD, TEM, and FESEM. The Bi2O4 interphase with a ratio of 3.2% occurs in the mixed valence states of Bi(III) and Bi(V) from Bi(BF4)3 during the electrosynthesis of PPy. Thus, Bi2O4 nanoparticles are homogeneously encapsulated in partially oxidized PPy clusters and significantly affect the electrical properties of the binder-free coating. The pseudocapacitive contribution (72.3%) in the composite becomes predominant at high scan rates thanks to the fast redox reaction of both components. The PPy/Bi2O4-coated electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 312 F g−1 (at 50 mV s−1) in 100 mM Li2SO4, a more capacitive response than that of the PPy homopolymer-coated electrode. A solid-state asymmetric cell is constructed using PVA/Li2SO4 electrolyte and two types of electrodes loaded with 10 mg cm−2: one coated with PPy/Bi2O4 and the other coated with PVC/carbon. The device demonstrates specific energy of 19.8 Wh kg−1, specific power of 1380 W kg−1 at 2.5 A g−1, and coulombic efficiency of 97% with high stability of 83% over 5000 cycles.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Erhan Karaca

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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by EK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by EK, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Karaca, E. In situ electrosynthesis of polypyrrole/nano Bi2O4 composite for supercapacitor applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1834 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11270-4

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