Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Parents’ Impact on Children’s School Performance: Marital Satisfaction, Parental Involvement, and Mental Health

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

The present study aims to formulate a conceptual model of the mediating factors between parents’ marital satisfaction and children’s academic performance, with a sample drawn from Hong Kong Chinese parents and children. The mediators included parental involvement, parents’ psychopathological symptoms, and children’s internalizing behavior and school engagement.

Methods

Survey responses from 507 Grade 4–6 children and their parents, who were primary caregivers, were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the internal structures of the seven scales, and the finalized scales have moderate to high reliabilities (Cronbach’s α values ranging from 0.74 to 0.95). Structural equation modeling analysis was applied to test the relationships between the latent variables in the proposed model.

Results

Structural equation modeling revealed that parents’ marital satisfaction had a significant indirect effect on children’s academic performance via two pathways: (1) with parents’ psychopathological symptoms, children’s internalizing behaviors, and school engagement as mediators; (2) with parental involvement and school engagement as mediators. Marital satisfaction had no direct effect on school engagement or on academic performance.

Conclusions

Our findings highlighted the importance of parents maintaining harmonious relationships with their spouses and being highly involved in their children’s education, in order to provide an optimal social environment to promote children’s academic development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The survey data are available at the Open Science Framework (http://osf.io/n6sb4/).

References

  • Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (1997). At risk for anxiety: I. Psychopathology in the offspring of anxious parents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 918–924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonds, D. D., & Gondoli, D. M. (2007). Examining the process by which marital adjustment affects maternal warmth: the role of coparenting support as a mediator. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(2), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Booth, A., & Amato, P. R. (1994). Parental marital quality, parental divorce, and relations with parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 21–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, M. H. (2006). Parenting science and practice. In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner, K. A. Reninger & I. E. Siegel (Eds), Handbook of child psychology, Volume 4, Child psychology in practice. 6th ed. (pp. 893–949). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, M. (1966). The use of family theory in clinical practice. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 7(5), 345–374.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buehler, C., & Gerard, J. M. (2002). Marital conflict, ineffective parenting, and children's and adolescents’ maladjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00078.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, K. R., & Peterson, G. W. (2013). Parent-child relationships in diverse contexts. In G. W. Peterson & K. R. Bush (Eds), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 275–302). New York, NY: Springer Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro, M., Expósito-Casas, E., López-Martín, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro-Asencio, E., & Gaviria, J. L. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 14, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.01.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, C. K., & Bagley, C. (1998). Validating an American scale in Hong Kong: the center of epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D). The Journal of Psychology, 132, 169–186.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coiro, M. J., & Emery, R. E. (1998). Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021896231471.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 39, 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVellis, R. F. (2011). Scale development: theory and application. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dush, K. C., Taylor, M. G., & Kroeger, R. A. (2008). Marital happiness and psychological well-being across the life course. Family Relations, 57(2), 211–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterbrooks, M. A., & Emde, R. N. (1988). Marital and parent-child relationships: the role of affect in the family system. In R. A. Hinde & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds), Relationships within families: mutual influences (pp. 83–103). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, J. L., Coates, L., Salinas, K. C., Sanders, M. G., & Simon, B. S. (1997). School, family and community partnerships. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J. D. (1996). Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, W., & Williams, C. M. (2010). The effects of parental involvement on students’ academic self-efficacy, engagement and intrinsic motivation. Educational Psychology, 30(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410903353302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2001). Parental involvement and students' academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009048817385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, S. S., Wentzel, K. R., Weinberger, D. A., & Munson, J. A. (1990). Marital satisfaction of parents of preadolescent boys and its relationship to family and child functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 4(2), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.4.2.213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, E. A., & Meyers, S. A. (2000). Marital satisfaction and child adjustment: direct and mediated pathways. Contemporary Family Therapy, 22(4), 437–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P., Friedel, J., & Paris, A. (2005). School engagement. In K. A. Moore & L. H. Lippman (Eds), What do children need to flourish? Conceptualizing and measuring indicators of positive development (pp. 305–321). New York, NY: Springer Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 24, 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Froyen, L. C., Skibbe, L. E., Bowles, R. P., Blow, A. J., & Gerde, H. K. (2013). Marital satisfaction, family emotional expressiveness, home learning environments, and children’s emergent literacy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 75(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01035.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gagné, M. H., Shapka, J. D., & Law, D. M. (2014). Moving beyond grades: the social and emotional well-being of Chinese Canadians at school. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 5(4), 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, W., Murphy, M., Childs, G., Kelleher, K., Pagano, M., Jellinek, M., McInerny, T. K., Wasserman, R. C., Nutting, P., & Chiappetta, L. (1999). The PSC-17: a brief pediatric symptom checklist with psychosocial problem subscales. A report from PROS and ASPN. Ambulatory Child Health, 5(3), 225–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerard, J. M., Krishnakumar, A., & Buehler, C. (2006). Marital conflict, parent-child relations, and youth maladjustment. Journal of Family Issues, 27(7), 951–975. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X05286020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González, A., Paoloni, P., Donolo, D., & Rinaudo, C. (2015). Behavioral engagement and disaffection in school activities: exploring a model of motivational facilitators and performance outcomes. Anales de Psicología, 31(3), 869–878. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.176981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massachusetts General Hospital (n.d.). Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 (PSC-17). Retrieved from https://www.massgeneral.org/assets/MGH/pdf/psychiatry/psc/psc-17-chinese.pdf

  • Grych, J. H. (2002). Marital relationships and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: social conditions and applied parenting (pp. 203–225). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

  • Grych, J. H., Harold, G. T., & Miles, C. J. (2003). A prospective investigation of appraisals as mediators of the link between interparental conflict and child adjustment. Child Development, 74(4), 1176–1193. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00600.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gu, M. (2006). An analysis of the impact of traditional Chinese culture on Chinese education. Frontiers of Education in China, 1(2), 169–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harold, G. T., Elam, K. K., Lewis, G., Rice, F., & Thapar, A. (2012). Interparental conflict, parent psychopathology, hostile parenting, and child antisocial behavior: examining the role of maternal versus paternal influences using a novel genetically sensitive research design. Development and Psychopathology, 24(1), 1283–1295. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, N. E., & Craft, S. A. (2003). Parent–school involvement and school performance: mediated pathways among socioeconomically comparable African American and Euro-American families. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, N. E., & Taylor, L. C. (2004). Parental school involvement and children’s academic achievement pragmatics and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(4), 161–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00298.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, G. W. (2010). Parenting: a dynamic perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6, 53–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izzo, C. V., Weissberg, R. P., Kasprow, W. J., & Fendrich, M. (1999). A longitudinal assessment of teacher perceptions of parent involvement in children's education and school performance. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27(6), 817–839.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jellinek, M. S., Murphy, J. M., Robinson, J., Feins, A., Lamb, S., & Fenton, T. (1988). Pediatric symptom checklist: screening school-age children for psychosocial dysfunction. The Journal of Pediatrics, 112, 201–209.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeynes, W. H. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relation of parental involvement to urban elementary school student academic achievement. Urban Education, 40(3), 237–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeynes, W. H. (2007). The relationship between parental involvement and urban secondary school student academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Urban Education, 42(1), 82–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085906293818.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karney, B. R., Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. D., & Sullivan, K. T. (1994). The role of negative affectivity in the association between attributions and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 413–424.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, L. F., & Gottman, J. M. (1996). Spillover effects of marital conflict: in search of parenting and coparenting mechanisms. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 74, 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219967406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, D. A., Kaniskan, B., & McCoach, D. B. (2015). The performance of RMSEA in models with small degrees of freedom. Sociological Methods & Research, 44(3), 486–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124114543236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S., & Fong, V. L. (2013). How parents help children with homework in China: narratives across the life span. Asia Pacific Education Review, 14(4), 581–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kung, H., & Lee, C. (2016). Multidimensionality of parental involvement and children’s mathematics achievement in Taiwan: mediating effect of math self-efficacy. Learning and Individual Differences, 47, 266–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Cornoni-Huntley, J. (1993). Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. Journal of Aging and Health, 5, 179–193.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnakumar, A., & Buehler, C. (2000). Interparental conflict and parenting behaviors: a meta‐analytic review. Family Relations, 49(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00025.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 146, 317–325.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Cheng, L., Chow, B. W. Y., & Ling, C. C. Y. (2015). The spillover effect of parenting on marital satisfaction among Chinese mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(3), 772–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9888-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, S. F. (1996). How the family influences children's academic achievement. New York, NY: Garland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, B. H., & Yan, H. F. (2011). Beginning teachers’ job satisfaction: the impact of school-based factors. Teacher Development, 15(3), 333–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. T., Beckert, T. E., Wu, C. I., & Kuan, P. Y. (2011). The impact of marital discord of parents on Taiwanese adolescents’ academic achievement: the mediating and moderating effect of maternal parenting practice. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 42(6), 827–XV.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinonen, J. A., Solantaus, T. S., & Punamäki, R.-L. (2003). Parental mental health and children’s adjustment: the quality of marital interaction and parenting as mediating factors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.t01-1-00116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Trajectories of school engagement during adolescence: implications for grades, depression, delinquency, and substance use. Developmental Psychology, 47(1), 233.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linville, D., Chronister, K., Tom, D., Todahl, J., Miller, J., Shaw, D., Gardner, F., & Wilson, M. (2010). A longitudinal analysis of parenting practices, couple satisfaction, and child behavior problems. Journal of Marital Family Therapy, 36(2), 244–255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00168.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, L., & Lin, Y. Y. (1998). Family roles and happiness in adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 195–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malin, J. L., Cabrera, N. J., Karberg, E., & Taschman, K. (2016). A family systems approach to examining young children’s social development. In L. Balter & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds), Child psychology: a handbook of contemporary issues. 3rd Ed. (pp. 355–377). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mapp, K. L., Johnson, V. R., Strickland, C. S., & Meza, C. (2008). High school family centers: transformative spaces linking schools and families in support of student learning. Marriage & Family Review, 43(3–4), 338–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494920802073205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHale, J. P., Kuersten-Hogan, R., & Rao, N. (2004). Growing points for coparenting theory and research. Journal of Adult Development, 11(3), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADE.0000035629.29960.ed.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Merrifield, K. A., & Gamble, W. C. (2013). Associations among marital qualities, supportive and undermining coparenting, and parenting self-efficacy: testing spillover and stress-buffering processes. Journal of Family Issues, 34(4), 510–533. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12445561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, W. C., Anton, H. A., & Townson, A. F. (2008). Measurement properties of the CESD scale among individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 46, 287–292.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minuchin, S. (1974). Families & family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mo, Y., & Singh, K. (2008). Parents’ relationships and involvement: effects on students’ school engagement and performance. RMLE Online, 31(10), 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrill, M. I., Hines, D. A., Mahmood, S., & Córdova, J. (2010). Pathways between marriage and parenting for wives and husbands: the role of coparenting. Family Process, 49(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01308.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nangle, S. M., Kelley, M. L., Fals-Stewart, W., & Levant, R. F. (2003). Work and family variables as related to paternal engagement, responsibility, and accessibility in dual-earner couples with young children. Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers, 1(1), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0101.71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, R. (1983). Measuring marital quality: a critical look at the dependent vaiable. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 141–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien, M. (2005). Studying individual and family development: linking theory and research. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(4), 880–890. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00181.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oyserman, D., Brickman, D., & Rhodes, M. (2007). School success, possible selves, and parent school involvement. Family Relations, 56(5), 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00475.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R. D. (2002). Fathers and families. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Volume 3. Being and becoming a parent. 2nd Edn. (pp. 27–73). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedro, M. F., Ribeiro, T., & Shelton, K. H. (2012). Marital satisfaction and partners’ parenting practices: the mediating role of coparenting behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(4), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pomerantz, E. M., Moorman, E. A., & Litwack, S. D. (2007). The how, whom, and why of parents’ involvement in children’s academic lives: more is not always better. Review of Educational Research, 77(3), 373–410. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430305567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell-Smith, K. A., Shinn, M. R., Stoner, G., & Good, R. H. (2000). Parent tutoring in reading using literature and curriculum materials: impact on student reading achievement. School Psychology Review, 29(1), 5–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyes, M. R., Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., White, M., & Salovey, P. (2012). Classroom emotional climate, student engagement, and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), 700–712. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, P. L. (1994). Missing data: a conceptual review for applied psychologists. Personnel Psychology, 47, 537–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothbaum, F., Morelli, G., Pott, M., & Liu-Constant, Y. (2000). Immigrant-Chinese and Euro-American parents’ physical closeness with young children: themes of family relatedness. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 334–348.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salili, F., Zhou, H., & Hoosain, R. (2003). Adolescent education in Hong Kong and Mainland China: effects of culture and context of learning on Chinese adolescents. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds), Adolescence and education, Vol. III: international perspectives on adolescence (pp. 277–302). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumm, W. R., Paff-Bergen, L. A., Hatch, R. C., Obiorah, F. C., Copeland, J. M., Meens, L. D., & Bugaighis, M. A. (1986). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 381–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seginer, R. (2006). Parents’ educational involvement: a developmental ecology perspective. Parenting: Science and Practice, 6(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327922par0601_1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. (1998). Linkage between marital quality and parent-child relationship: a longitudinal study in the Chinese culture. Journal of Family Issues, 19(6), 687–704. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251398019006002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. (2000). Parental marital quality and well-being, parent-child relational quality, and Chinese adolescent adjustment. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28(2), 147–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, K. H., & Harold, G. T. (2008). Interparental conflict, negative parenting, and children’s adjustment: bridging links between parents’ depression and children’s psychological distress. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(5), 712–724. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013515.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shoshani, A., Nakash, O., Zubida, H., & Harper, R. A. (2016). School engagement, acculturation, and mental health among migrant adolescents in Israel. School Psychology Quarterly, 31(2), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K., Chang, M., & Dika, S. (2010). Ethnicity, self-concept, and school belonging: effects on school engagement. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 9(3), 159–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-010-9087-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sirvani, H. (2007). The effect of teacher communication with parents on students’ mathematics achievement. American Secondary Education, 36(1), 31–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, E. A., Wellborn, J. G., & Connell, J. P. (1990). What it takes to do well in school and whether I’ve got it: a process model of perceived control and children's engagement and achievement in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: new scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092–1097.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stiles, A. A., & Gudiño, O. G. (2018). Examining bidirectional associations between school engagement and mental health for youth in child welfare. School Mental Health, 10(4), 372–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-018-9248-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tam, V. C., & Chan, R. M. (2009). Parental involvement in primary children’s homework in Hong Kong. School Community Journal, 19(2), 81–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upadyaya, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2013). Development of school engagement in association with academic success and well-being in varying social contexts. European Psychologist, 18(2), 136–147. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ryzin, M. J., Gravely, A. A., & Roseth, C. J. (2009). Autonomy, belongingness, and engagement in school as contributors to adolescent psychological well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9257-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. M., Wilkins, A. S., Dallaire, J., Sandler, H. M., & Hoover-Dempsey, K. V. (2005). Parental involvement: model revision through scale developement. Elementary School Journal, 106, 85–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M. T., & Holcombe, R. (2010). Adolescents’ perceptions of school environment, engagement, and academic achievement in middle school. American Educational Research Journal, 47(3), 633–662.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M. T., & Peck, S. C. (2013). Adolescent educational success and mental health vary across school engagement profiles. Developmental Psychology, 49(7), 1266–1276. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030028.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M. T., Selman, R. L., Dishion, T. J., & Stormshak, E. A. (2010). A Tobit regression analysis of the covariation between middle school students’ perceived school climate and behavioral problems. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(2), 274–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00648.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Whitchurch, G. G., & Constantine, L. L. (2009). Systems theory. In P. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schumm & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods (pp. 325–355). Boston: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, R. S. M., Ho, F. K. W., Wong, W. H. S., Tung, K. T. S., Chow, C. W., Rao, N., Chan, K. L., & Ip, P. (2018). Parental involvement in primary school education: its relationship with children’s academic performance and psychosocial competence through engaging children with school. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(5), 1544–1555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-1011-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, A., Zhang, J., & Xia, Y. R. (2007). Impacts of parents’ divorce on Chinese children: a model with academic performance as a mediator. Marriage & Family Review, 42(3), 91–119.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author Contributions

ML designed the study and wrote the paper. GKL analyzed the data and wrote part of the paper. VCT collaborated in the writing and editing of the manuscript. HC assisted with the data collection, analyses, and wrote part of the manuscript. SSL provided feedback on the data analyses. KFS was involved in the conceptualization of the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Ming Lui, Vicky C. Tam & Sandy S. Li

  2. City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Gilbert K. Lau

  3. Creative Secondary School, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Hiu-Man Chiu

  4. Department of Special Education & Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Kuen-Fung Sin

Authors
  1. Ming Lui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gilbert K. Lau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vicky C. Tam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hiu-Man Chiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sandy S. Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kuen-Fung Sin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vicky C. Tam.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments, or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by of the Education University of Hong Kong’s Human Research Ethics Committee.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lui, M., Lau, G.K., Tam, V.C. et al. Parents’ Impact on Children’s School Performance: Marital Satisfaction, Parental Involvement, and Mental Health. J Child Fam Stud 29, 1548–1560 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01655-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01655-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation