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Evaluating the developmental potential of 2.1PN-derived embryos and associated chromosomal analysis

  • Embryo Biology
  • Published:
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Zygotes with 2.1 pronuclei (2.1PN) present with two normal-sized pronuclei, and an additional smaller pronucleus, that is approximately smaller than two thirds the size of a normal pronucleus. It remains unclear whether the additional pronucleus causes embryonic chromosome abnormalities. In the majority of cases, in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics discarded 2.1PN zygotes. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the developmental potential and value of 2.1PN zygotes.

Methods

2.1PN-derived embryos from 164 patients who underwent IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment between January 2021 and December 2022 were included in the present study. All embryos were monitored using a time-lapse system, and blastocyst formation was used to assess 2.1PN-derived embryo developmental potential. The blastocyst formation was quantified using generalized estimating equations, and chromosome euploidy was analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, the potential association between age and occurrence of 2.1PN zygotes was determined.

Results

The present study demonstrated that numerous 2.1PN zygotes developed into blastocysts. Early cleavage patterns and embryo quality on Day 3 were the independent predictors for the blastocyst formation of 2.1PN-derived embryos. The 2.1PN zygotes displayed a comparable developmental potential compared to 2PN zygotes in advanced age patients (≥ 38). Moreover, there was a tendency that 2.1PN-derived blastocysts showed a similar euploidy rate compared to 2PN-derived blastocysts.

Conclusion

Clinicians should consider using 2.1PN-derived euploid embryos for transfer after preimplantation genetic testing in the absence of available 2PN embryo cycles. 2.1PN-derived embryos could be a candidate, particularly beneficial for patients at advanced age.

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Data availability

The  data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the physicians, technicians, and related staff of the Reproductive Medicine Center, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University for their help and support. We also appreciate the patients who participated in this study.

Funding

This work was supported by the Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (grant number: 2021YJQN07) and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Province of China (grant number: CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0253 and CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0258).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Jiang Wang, Shun Xiong, Xiangwei Hao, Yang Gao, Fei Xia, Haiyuan Liao, Jiayi Zou, Guoning Huang & Wei Han

  2. Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China

    Jiang Wang, Shun Xiong, Xiangwei Hao, Yang Gao, Fei Xia, Haiyuan Liao, Jiayi Zou, Guoning Huang & Wei Han

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  1. Jiang Wang
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  2. Shun Xiong
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  8. Guoning Huang
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  9. Wei Han
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Contributions

JW conducted the experiments and wrote the initial manuscript of the paper. SX and YG contributed to the data analysis. FX and HYL performed IVF and ICSI insemination. XWH and JYZ examined fertilization and collected patient’s information. NHG and WH conceived and designed the study, provided writing assistance and technical guidance. All authors contributed to the research discussion and manuscript revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Guoning Huang or Wei Han.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

Ethical approval was approved by the Ethics Committee of Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (ethics approval no. 2021-RGI-10). All patients provided written informed consent.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Wang, J., Xiong, S., Hao, X. et al. Evaluating the developmental potential of 2.1PN-derived embryos and associated chromosomal analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-024-03113-w

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