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Analysis of risk factors for dry eye disease and effect of diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution on the tear film after vitrectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of DM associated dry eye syndrome (DMDES) and to explore the effect of diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution (DQS) on patients with DMDES after vitrectomy.

Methods

Totally 107 patients (107 eyes) received vitrectomy. The data of age, gender, left/right eye, duration of DM, duration of vitrectomy, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were collected and analyzed for correlation between these factors and DMDES. Postoperatively, DQS was instilled in experimental group and sodium hyaluronate was instilled in control group. The noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescence staining score (CFSS) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were recorded before vitrectomy and 1, 2 and 3 months after vitrectomy. All data were used for statistical comparison.

Results

Gender, duration of DM and glycosylated hemoglobin were relevant factors of DMDES (P < 0.05). At 1, 2 and 3 months postoperatively, NIBUT and TMH of experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, CFSS of experimental group was lower than that before vitrectomy, and CFSS at 2 and 3 months after vitrectomy was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). At 1, 2 and 3 months postoperatively, SIT increased in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). OSDI was significantly lower in experimental group at 1, 2 and 3 months postoperatively, compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

These results suggest that gender, duration of DM and glycosylated hemoglobin are risk factors for DMDES. Postoperative instillation of DQS can improve the tear film quality in patients with DMDES after vitrectomy.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support was received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Huaiyin District, No. 148 Jingyi Road, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Xing Du, Zhen Yang, Yuanyuan Guo, Shanshan Li, Xu Wang, Yanjuan Sheng & Min Du

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  1. Xing Du
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  2. Zhen Yang
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  3. Yuanyuan Guo
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  4. Shanshan Li
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  5. Xu Wang
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Contributions

XD took part in article writing; conducting research; data analysis; and processing; ZY involved in conducting research; reviewing article; YG involved in conducting research; analysis of data; SL took part in conducting research; analysis data; XW involved in reviewing article; YS involved in reviewing article; conducting research; MD took part in design of the work; article writing; conducting research.

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Correspondence to Min Du.

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Written informed consent was obtained from the patients.

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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Jinan Second People’s Hospital and followed the “Declaration of Helsinki” (Registration No. JNEYLL20200102).

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Du, X., Yang, Z., Guo, Y. et al. Analysis of risk factors for dry eye disease and effect of diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution on the tear film after vitrectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study. Int Ophthalmol 43, 1849–1859 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02584-z

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