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Therapeutic potential of natural products in inflammation: underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes, technological advances, and future perspectives

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Abstract

Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in many major diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune disorders, and is responsible for up to 60% of all deaths worldwide. Metformin, statins, and corticosteroids, and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often given as anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, however, often have even more debilitating side effects than the illness itself. The natural product-based therapy of inflammation-related diseases has no adverse effects and good beneficial results compared to substitute conventional anti-inflammatory medications. In this review article, we provide a concise overview of present pharmacological treatments, the pathophysiology of inflammation, and the signaling pathways that underlie it. In addition, we focus on the most promising natural products identified as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of natural products as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with promising outcomes are reviewed. In addition, the safety, side effects and technical barriers of natural products are discussed. Furthermore, we also summarized the latest technological advances in the discovery and scientific development of natural products-based medicine.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (24UQU4290565DSR007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea

    Noha A. Gouda & Ahmed Elkamhawy

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia

    Saud O. Alshammari

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. S. Abourehab

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia

    Qamar A. Alshammari

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    Ahmed Elkamhawy

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  1. Noha A. Gouda
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  2. Saud O. Alshammari
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  3. Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
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Correspondence to Ahmed Elkamhawy.

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Gouda, N.A., Alshammari, S.O., Abourehab, M.A.S. et al. Therapeutic potential of natural products in inflammation: underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes, technological advances, and future perspectives. Inflammopharmacol 31, 2857–2883 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01366-y

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