Abstract
Within the enhancement of technology and its ongoing integration into formal education setting, learning environments have been challenged to operationalize and arrange systems that engage pedagogy and technology together. The nature of this ongoing transformation is closely related to the paradigms that reign in the twenty-first century, in a scenario of what is now called a Fourth Industrial Revolution. School, despite losing its monopoly on knowledge diffusion, still plays a central role in educating new generations, therefore, it holds key responsibility in addressing contemporary logics of learning, living and becoming a citizen. Amidst the course of change and the ultimate calls for innovation in education, we encounter veteran teachers, professionals with a long teaching history, whose challenges include becoming familiar with new devices in order to fulfil their work demands. In this article, we then explore how central veteran teachers are for the progression to a smarter education scenario, through debating a training carried out in Portugal with 38 teachers from pre-school and k-12, aimed at promoting their digital migration. Data strengthen ties regarding teachers’ perceptions and attitudes in relation to technology and consequent resource on it as pedagogical tools. Also, the overall discussion of the training provides clues on how teacher-oriented actions might address their identity if meaningful output is desired, in order to support a real change of practice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Admiraal, W., Veldman, I., Mainhard, T., & Tartwijk, J. (2019). A typology of veteran teachers’ job satisfaction: Their relationships with their students and the nature of their work. Social Psychology of Education: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-09477-z.
Baruch, A. F., & Erstad, O. (2018). Upbringing in a digital world: Opportunities and possibilities. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-018-9386-8.
Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the Successful Integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/75275.
Buabeng-Andoh, C. (2012). An exploration of teachers’ skills, perceptions and practices of ICT in teaching and learning in the Ghanaian second-cycle schools. Contemporary Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/6066.
Camilleri, M. A., & Camilleri, A. C. (2017). Digital learning resources and ubiquitous technologies in education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-016-9287-7.
Carrilo, C., & Flores, M. A. (2018). Veteran teachers’ identity: what does the research literature tell us? Cambridge Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2017.1394982.
Chandra, V., & Mills, K. A. (2015). Transforming the core business of teaching and learning in classrooms through ICT. Technology, Pedagogy and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2014.975737.
Daniela, L. (2019). Smart pedagogy for technology-enhanced learning. In L. Daniela (Ed.), Didactics of smart pedagogy. Smart pedagogy for technology enhanced learning (pp. 3–22). Cham: Springer.
Dron, J. (2018). Smart learning environments, and not so smart learning environments: A systems view. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-018-0075-9.
Freires, T., & Pereira, F. (2018). Secondary specialist arts education: Perceptions of youths in Northern Portugal. Educação e Pesquisa. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-4634201707160053.
Freires, T., & Pereira, F. (2020). Por uma investigação eticamente responsável: reflexões a partir do trabalho narrativo em educação [For an ethically-driven research: reflections based on the narrative work in education]. In P. Savi Neto & I. Nascimento (Eds.), Ensaios sobre ética e investigação em psicologia e em educação [Essays on ethics and research in psychology and education] (pp. 61–71). Porto: Legis.
Freires, T., Bento, M., Morgado, J. C., & Lencastre, J. A. (2019). Professores veteranos e inovação curricular: desafios do recurso à tecnologia como instrumento pedagógico [Veteran teachers and curricular innovation: challenges of deploying technology as a pedagogical tool]. In C. Leite & P. Fernandes (Coords.), Currículo, avaliação, formação e tecnologias educativas (CAFTe). Contributos teóricos e práticos [Curriculum, evaluation, training and educational technologies (CAFTe). Theoretical and practical contributions] (pp. 761–772). Porto: CIIE.
Earle, R. S. (2002). The integration of instructional technology into public education: Promises and challenges. ET Magazine, 42(1), 5–13.
Gros, B. (2016). The design of smart educational environments. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-016-0039-x.
Hoel, T., & Mason, J. (2018). Standards for smart education—towards a development framework. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-018-0052-3.
Jo, J., Park, K., Lee, D., & Lim, H. (2014). An integrated teaching and learning assistance system meeting requirements for smart education. Wireless Personal Communication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1765-4.
Kearney, M., Burden, K., & Schuck, S. (2019). Disrupting education using smart mobile pedagogies. In L. Daniela (Ed.), Didactics of smart pedagogy. Smart pedagogy for technology enhanced learning (pp. 139–158). Cham: Springer.
Khlaif, Z. N. (2018). Factors influencing teachers’ attitudes toward mobile technology integration in K-12. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-017-9311-6.
Lakkala, M., & Ilomaki, L. (2015). A case study of developing ICT-supported pedagogy through a collegial practice transfer process. Computers & Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.09.001.
Leahy, S. M., Holland, C., & Ward, F. (2019). The digital frontier: Envisioning future technologies impact on the classroom. Futures. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.04.009.
Lencastre, J. A., Morgado, J. C., Freires, T., & Bento, M. (2020). A systematic review on the flipped classroom model as a promoter of curriculum innovation. International Journal of Instruction. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13436a.
Lister, P. (2018). A smarter knowledge commons for smart learning. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-018-0056-z.
Lorenzo, N., & Gallon, R. (2019). Smart pedagogy for smart learning. In L. Daniela (Ed.), Didactics of smart pedagogy. Smart pedagogy for technology enhanced learning (pp. 41–70). Cham: Springer.
Louws, M. L., Meirink, J. A., van Veen, K., & van Driel, J. H. (2017). Teachers’ self-directed learning and teaching experience: What, how and why teachers want to learn. Teaching and Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.04.004.
Meister, D. G., & Ahrens, P. (2011). Resisting plateauing: Four veteran teachers’ stories. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.01.002.
Morgado, J. C. (2017). Desafios curriculares para uma escola com futuro [Curricular challenges for a school with future]. ELO, 24, 37–44.
OECD (2010). Inspired by technology, driven by pedagogy. A systematic approach to technology-based school innovations. Educational Research and Innovation Series. [S.l.]: OECD.
OECD. (2019a). Education at a glance 2019: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2019b). Education at a glance 2019. Country note. Portugal. Pariss: OECD Publishing.
Orlando, J. (2014). Veteran teachers and technology: Change fatigue and knowledge insecurity influence practice. Teachers and Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2014.881644.
Pereira, F. (2010). Infância, educação escolar e profissionalidade docente: Um mapeamento social dos discursos em formação inicial de professores. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Seaborn, K., & Fels, D. I. (2015). Gamification in theory and action: A survey. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.09.006.
Schwab, K. (2016). Fourth industrial revolution. Genève: World Economic Forum.
Shifflet, R., & Weilbacher, G. (2015). Teacher beliefs and their influence on technology use: A case study. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education (CITE Journal), 15(3), 368–394.
Snoeyink, R., & Ertmer, P. A. (2001). Thrust into technology: How veteran teachers respond. Journal of Educational Technology Systems. https://doi.org/10.2190/YDL7-XH09-RLJ6-MTP1.
Thomas, D., & Brown, J. S. (2011). A new culture of learning. Cultivating the imagination for a world of constant change. [S. l.]: CreateSpace.
Tuomi, I. (2006). The future of learning in the knowledge society: Disruptive changes for Europe by, 2020. In Y. Punie, et al. (Ed.), The Future of ICT and learning in the knowledge society (pp. 47–85). European Commission: Seville.
Yang, J., Pan, H., Zhou, W., & Huang, R. (2018). Evaluation of smart classroom from the perspective of infusing technology into pedagogy. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-018-0070-1.
Zhu, Z.-T., Yu, M., & Riezebos, P. (2016). A research framework of smart education. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-016-0026-2.
Acknowledgements
This article was developed within the project Digital migrations and curricular innovation: giving new meaning to experience and rekindling teaching profession after 50, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the grant PTDC/CED-EDG/28017/2017.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morgado, J.C., Lencastre, J.A., Freires, T. et al. Smart Education as Empowerment: Outlining Veteran Teachers’ Training to Promote Digital Migration. Tech Know Learn 26, 897–916 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09494-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09494-6