Abstract
Rice leaffolder (RLF) (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) is a destructive and widespread insect pest throughout the rice growing regions in Asia. The genetics of resistance to RLF in rice is very complex and not thoroughly explored. The present study was conducted to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with RLF resistance involving 176 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of F8 generation derived from a cross between IR36, a leaffolder susceptible variety and TNAULFR831311, a moderately resistant indica rice culture. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct specific linkage groups of rice. All the RILs were screened to assess their level of resistance to RLF by measuring the leaf area damaged. Besides this, the length and width of the flag leaf of each RIL were measured since these two parameters were considered as correlated traits to the RLF resistance in rice. All the above parameters observed across the RILs showed quantitative variation. Correlation analysis revealed that damage score based on greenhouse screening was positively correlated with length and width of the flag leaf. Out of 364 SSR markers analysed, 90 were polymorphic between the parents. Multi-point analysis carried out on segregating 69 SSR marker loci linkage group wise resulted in construction of linkage map with eleven groups of 42 SSR markers. Through single marker analysis, 19 SSR markers were found to have putative association with the three phenotypic traits studied. Of these markers, RM472 was identified as a locus having major effect on RLF resistance trait based on length of the flag leaf. Interval mapping detected two QTLs on linkage group 1. Among these QTLs, the QTL flanked by RM576–RM3412 were found to be associated with width of the flag leaf and RLF resistance. The putative SSR markers associated with leaffolder resistance identified in the present study may be one of the loci contributing resistance to RLF in rice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (2004) Food and Agricultural Organisation. AGROSTAT: information system on food and agriculture. FAO, Rome
Bachman M, Tarmilonis J, Bent A, Nickell C (1999). Identification of SSR markers linked to brown stem rot resistance in soybean. In: International Plant and Animal Genome VII Conference. San Diego, CA, p242
Chalapathirao NBV, Singh VS, Chander S. (2002). Evaluation of rice germplasm for resistance to rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis. Indian J Ent 64:124–129
Cheng R, Kleinhofs A, Ukai Y (1998) Method for mapping a partial lethal-factor locus on molecular linkage map of a backcross and doubled-haploid populations. Theor Appl Genet 97:293–298
Cho YG, Ishii T, Temnykh S, Chen X, Lipovich L, McCouch SR, Park WD, Ayres N, Cartinhour S (2000) Diversity of microsatellites derived from genomic libraries and GenBank sequences in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 100:713–722
De Vicente MC, Tanksley SD (1993) QTL analysis of transgressive segregation in an interspecific tomato cross. Genetics 134:585–596
Dhakshayani K., Bentur JS, Kalode MB (1993) Nature of resistance in rice varieties against leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée). Insect Sci Appl 14:107–114
Fukuoka S, Okuno K (2001) QTL analysis and mapping of pi21, a recessive gene for field resistance to rice blast in Japanese upland rice. Theor Appl Genet 103:185–190
Gallagher KD, Kenmore PE, Sogawa K (1994) Judicial use of insecticides deter planthopper outbreaks and extend the life of resistant varieties in Southeast Asian rice. In: Denno RF, Perfect JT (eds) Planthoppers: their ecology and qualitative management. Chapman and Hall, New York, 599–614
Haley CS, Knott SA (1992) A simple regression method for mapping quantitative trait loci in line crosses using flanking markers. Heredity 69:315–324
Heinrichs EA, Camanag E, Romena A (1985) Evaluation of rice cultivars for resistance to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Econ Entomol 78:74–278
Herdt RW (1991) Research priorities for rice biotechnology. In: Khush GS, Toenniessen GH (eds) Rice biotechnology, CAB International and IRRI
Islam Z, Karim NMR (1997) Leaf folding behaviour of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) and Marasmia patnalis Bradley and the influence of rice leaf morphology on damage incidence. Crop Prot 16:215–220
Khush GS, Brar DS (1991) Genetics of resistance to insects in crop plants. Adv Agrono 45:224–228
Kosambi DD (1944) The estimation of map distances from recombination values. Ann Eugenic 12:172–175
Lander ES, Green P, Abrahamson J, Barlow A, Daly MJ, Lincon SE, Newburg L (1987) Mapmaker: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics 1:174–181
Li ZK, Luo LJ, Mei HW, Wang DL, Shu QY, Tabien R, Zhong DB, Ying CS, Stansel JW, Khush GS, Paterson AH (2001) Overdominant epistatic loci are the primary genetic basis of inbreeding depression and heterosis in rice. I. Biomass and grain yield. Genetics 158:1737–1753
McCouch SR, Teytelman L, Xu Y, Lobos K, Clare K, Walton M, Fu B, Maghirang R, Li Z, Xing Y, Zhang Q, Kono I, Yano M, Fjellstrom R, DeClerck G, Schneider D, Cartinhour S, Ware D, Stein L (2002) Development of 2240 new SSR markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.). DNA Res 9:199–207
Ni J, Colowit PM, Ostu JJ, Xu K, Marcill DJ (2001) Molecular markers linked to stem rot resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 102:511–516
Painter RH (1951) Insect resistance in crop plants. Macmillan, New York, p 520
Panaud O, Chen XL, McCouch SR (1996) Development of microsatellite markers and characterisation of simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Gen Genet 252:597–607
Ramalingam J, Kukreja K, Chittoor JM, Wu JL, Lee SW, Baraoidan M, George ML, Cohen MB, Hulbert SH, Leach JE, Leung H (2003) Candidate defense genes from rice, barley, and maize and their association with qualitative and quantitative resistance in rice. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16:14–24
Ramasamy C, Jaliecksono T (1996) Inter country comparison of insect and disease losses. In: Evanson RERW, Herdt W, Hossain M (eds) Rice reseach in Asia: progress and priorities, CAB International and IRRI
Roy JK, Prasad M, Varshney RK, Balyan HS, Blake TK, Dhaliwal HS, Singh H, Edwards KH, Gupta PK (1999) Identification of a microsatellite on Chromosome 6B and a STS on 7D of bread wheat showing association with preharvest sprouting tolerance. Theor Appl Genet 99:336–340
Sardesai N, Rajyashri KR, Behura SK, Nair S, Mohan M (2001) Genetic, physiological and molecular interactions of rice with its major dipteran pest, gall midge. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 64:115–131
SAS Institute (2004) SAS user’s guide: statistics. SAS Institute, Gary NC
Soller M, Beckmann JS (1983) Genetic polymorphism in varietal identification and genetic improvement. Theor Appl Genet 67:25–33
Su CC, Wan J, Zhai HQ, Wang CM, Sun LH, Yasui H, Yoshimura A (2005) A new locus for resistance to brown planthopper, identified in the indica rice variety DV85. Plant Breed 124:93–95
Temnykh S, Declerk G, Lukashova A, Lipovich L, Cartinhour S, McCouch SR (2001) Computational and experimental analysis of microsatellites in rice (Oryza sativa L.) frequency, length variations, transposon associations and genetic marker potential. Genome Res 11:1441–1452
Wang GL, Mackill DJ, Bonmann JM, McCouch SR, Champoux MC, Nelson RJ (1994) RFLP mapping of genes conferring complete and partial resistance to blast in a durably resistant rice cultivar. Genetics 136:1421–1434
Wang S, Basten CJ, Zeng ZB (2004) Windows QTL Cartographer 2.0. Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. http:// statgen. ncsu. edu/qtlcart/ WQTLCart.htm
Xiao J, Li J, Yuan L, Tanksley SD (1996) Identification of QTLs affecting traits of agronomic importance in recombinant inbred population derived from a sub specific cross. Theor Appl Genet 92:230–244
Xing YZ, Tan YF, Hua JP, Sun XL, Xu CG, Zhang Q (2002) Characterization of the main effects, epistatic effects and their environmental interactions of QTLs on the genetic basis of yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet 105:248–257
Xu Y, Zhu L, Xiao J, Huang N, McCouch SR (1997) Chromosomal regions associated with segregation distortion of molecular markers in F2, backcross, doubled haploid and recombinant inbred populations in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Gen Genet 25:535–545
Yencho GC, Bonierbale MN, Tngey WM, Plaisted RL, Tanksley SD (1996) Molecular markers locate gene for resistance to the colorado potato beetle, Lectonotarsa decemlineata in hybrid Solanum tuberosum x S. berthanltii potato progenies. Entomol Exp Appl 81:141–154
Young ND (1996) QTL mapping and quantitative disease resistance in plants. Ann Rev Phytopathol 34:479–501
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, India for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Selvaraju, K., Shanmugasundaram, P., Mohankumar, S. et al. Detection of quantitative trait locus for leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)) resistance in rice on linkage group 1 based on damage score and flag leaf width. Euphytica 157, 35–43 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9394-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9394-6