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Particulate matter exposure in biomass-burning homes of different communities of Brahmaputra Valley

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Abstract

Biomass burning for cooking prevalent in the developing countries is an issue which has been a concern for the past several decades for the noxious emissions and subsequent effects on the health of women and children due to the exposure of particulate matter (PM) and other gases. In this study, PM (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) were measured in biomass-burning households for different communities of Brahmaputra Valley region northeast India by a 31-channel aerosol spectrometer. The levels of emission of PM in the case of different community households were found to be significantly different. Also, the emission characteristics of different cooking time of the day were found to be different across communities. The emission levels in the biomass-burning households were compared with emission in household using “clean” LPG fuel, and it was found that the biomass fuels emitted 10–12 times more PM2.5 and 6–7 times more PM10. The number densities of the emission were found to be more with smaller sizes of particulates which could explain why such biomass-burning emissions can pose with greater health risks. The exposure doses were calculated and were found to be about three times higher in biomass-burning houses than “clean” LPG fuel. It is important to note that the exposure from biomass burning while cooking has a gender perspective. The woman of the house generally takes care of the activities in the kitchen and get exposed to the noxious PM and the gases. Children often accompany their mothers and face the same fate.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), GoI for the grant to Raza R. Hoque (Grant No. MoES/16/16/10-RDEAS), and the aerosol spectrometer was procured under that project. However, MoES does not have any role in the experimental designs and interpretation of results of this study. Authors thank the participating households and woman who did the cooking — Monju Devi, Harima Chetry, Saraswati Devi, Shanti Devi, Kabita Sharma, Nazia Begum, Reshma Sultana, Ammena Begum, Ruksana Khatun, Salima Begum, Maloti Das, Shibani Dutta, Geeta Das, Rumirani Sutradhar, Shimpi Das, Monju Sarma, Beena Deka, Purnima Devi, Joya Gogoi, Mamoni Deka. Special thanks to Dr. Nirmali Gogoi for allowing us to measure PM at her kitchen where in LPG fuel was used.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, India

    Dharitri Gogoi, Abdullah Sazid, Jayanta Bora, Pratibha Deka & Raza R. Hoque

  2. Department of Environmental Studies, Visva Bharati, Shantiniketan, WB, India

    Srinivasan Balachandran

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  1. Dharitri Gogoi
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Correspondence to Raza R. Hoque.

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Gogoi, D., Sazid, A., Bora, J. et al. Particulate matter exposure in biomass-burning homes of different communities of Brahmaputra Valley. Environ Monit Assess 193, 856 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09624-8

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