Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Model-driven software synthesis for hard real-time applications with energy constraints

  • Published:
Design Automation for Embedded Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Model-driven methods have been quite effective for reducing the intricacies of embedded software development, since they provide effective means for property verification as well as automatic code generation. Nevertheless, regarding energy-constrained hard real-time systems, few model-driven methods are available and, usually, most methods (model-driven or not) consider simplified system specifications, such as absence of intertask relations. This paper presents a model-driven method for software synthesis of hard real-time embedded applications with energy constraints. A formal model based on time Petri nets is adopted in order to provide a basis for pre-runtime schedule generation and property analysis/verification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Xu J, Parnas D (2000) Priority scheduling versus pre-run-time scheduling. In: Real-time systems, vol 18. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, pp 7–23

    Google Scholar 

  2. Murata T (1989) Petri nets: properties, analysis and applications. Proc IEEE 77(4):541–580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tavares E et al. (2008) Modeling hard real-time systems considering inter-task relations, dynamic voltage scaling and overheads. Microprocess Microsyst 32(8):460–473

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Tavares E et al. (2008) Hard real-time tasks’ scheduling considering voltage scaling, precedence and exclusion relations. Inf Process Lett 108(2):50–59

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Andrei A et al. (2005) Overhead-conscious voltage selection for dynamic and leakage energy reduction of time-constrained systems. IEE Proc, Comput Digit Tech 152:28–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Aydin H, Melhem R, Mosse D, Mejia-Alvarez P (2004) Power-aware scheduling for periodic real-time tasks. IEEE Trans Comput 53(5):584–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ishihara T, Yasuura H (1998) Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors. In: ISLPED’98, pp 197–202

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kim W et al. (2004) Preemption-aware dynamic voltage scaling in hard real-time systems. In: ISLPED’04, pp 393–398

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mochocki B et al. (2007) Transition-overhead-aware voltage scheduling for fixed-priority real-time systems. ACM Transact Des Automat Electron Syst 12:1084–4309

    Google Scholar 

  10. Quan G, Hu X (2007) Energy efficient dvs schedule for fixed-priority real-time systems. ACM Trans Embed Comput Syst 6

  11. Yao F, Demers A, Shenker S (1995) A scheduling model for reduced cpu energy. In: 36th annual symposium on foundations of computer science, p 374

    Google Scholar 

  12. Jejurikar R, Gupta R (2006) Energy-aware task scheduling with task synchronization for embedded real-time systems. IEEE Trans Comput-Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 25:1024–1037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Cai Y et al. (2007) Workload-ahead-driven online energy minimization techniques for battery-powered embedded systems with time-constraints. ACM Transact Des Automat Electron Syst 12(1):5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cortés L, Eles P, Peng Z (2005) Quasi-static assignment of voltages and optional cycles for maximizing rewards in real-time systems with energy constraints. In: DAC’05, pp 889–894

    Google Scholar 

  15. Amnell T et al. (2003) Code synthesis for timed automata. Nord J Comput 9(4) 269–300

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Kwon W, Kim T (2005) Optimal voltage allocation techniques for dynamically variable voltage processors. ACM Trans Embed Comput Syst 4(1):211–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Nácul A, Givargis T (2006) Synthesis of time-constrained multitasking embedded software. ACM Transact Des Automat Electron Syst 11(4):822–847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Merlin P, Faber DJ (1976) Recoverability of communication protocols: Implicatons of a theoretical study. IEEE Trans Commun 24(9):1036–1043

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Liebelt M et al. (2001) An energy efficient rate selection algorithm for voltage quantized dynamic voltage scaling. In: ISSS ’01, pp 124–129

    Google Scholar 

  20. Phatrapornnant T, Pont M (2006) Reducing jitter in embedded systems employing a time-triggered software architecture and dynamic voltage scaling. IEEE Trans Comput 55(2):113–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Philips Semiconductors. Lpc2104/2105/2106; single-chip 32-bit microcontrollers: data sheet. Technical report

  22. Amalghma and dentes tools. (2008) http://www.cin.ufpe.br/~eagt/tools

  23. Valmari A (1998) The state explosion problem. In: Lecture notes in computer science: Lectures on Petri nets I: Basic models, vol 1491, pp 429–528

    Google Scholar 

  24. van Hee K et al. (2004) Architecture of information systems using the theory of petri nets. Lect Not Systeemmodel 1:2M310

    Google Scholar 

  25. Albuquerque G, Jr (2007) Avaliação de Desempenho de Cadeias de Suprimentos Utilizando Componentes GSPN (in portuguese). MSc thesis, Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, August 2007

  26. Perkusich A et al. (1991) Putting Petri nets to work for controlling flexible manufacturing systems. In: IECON’91, pp 1631–1636

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jiao L et al. (2005) Property-preserving composition by place merging. J Circuits Syst Comput 14:793–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Godefroid P (1996) Partial order methods for the verification of concurrent systems: an approach to the state-explosion problem. In: Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1032. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  29. Leveson N, Stolzy J (1987) Safety analysis using Petri nets. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 13:386–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Agilent Technologies. Scope connect software. Technical report

  31. Xu J (2003) On inspection and verification of software with timing requirements. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 29(8):705–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim N et al. (1996) Visual assessment of a real-time systems design: a case study on a CNC controller. In: RTSS’96, pp 300–310

    Google Scholar 

  33. Oliveira M, Jr (1998) Desenvolvimento de Um Protótipo para a Medida Não Invasiva da Saturação Arterial de Oxigênio em Humanos—Oxímetro de Pulso (in portuguese). MSc thesis, Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, August 1998

  34. Prathipati R (2004) Energy efficient scheduling techniques for real-time embedded systems. MSc thesis, Texas A&M University, USA

  35. Triola M (2004) Elementary statistics, 9 edn. Addison-Wesley, Reading

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    E. Tavares, P. Maciel, P. Dallegrave, B. Silva, T. Falcão, B. Nogueira, G. Callou & P. Cunha

Authors
  1. E. Tavares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Maciel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. Dallegrave
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. T. Falcão
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. B. Nogueira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. G. Callou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. P. Cunha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Tavares.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tavares, E., Maciel, P., Dallegrave, P. et al. Model-driven software synthesis for hard real-time applications with energy constraints. Des Autom Embed Syst 14, 327–366 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10617-011-9069-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10617-011-9069-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation