Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Vermont Family Based Approach in Primary Care Pediatrics: Effects on Children’s and Parents’ Emotional and Behavioral Problems and Parents’ Health-Related Quality of Life

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Child Psychiatry & Human Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This randomized controlled trial tested the Vermont Family Based Approach (VFBA) in primary care pediatrics. The VFBA is a model of healthcare delivery that shifts the focus from the individual to the family, emphasizes emotional and behavioral health, and uses evidence-based health promotion/prevention along with the treatment of emotional and behavioral problems. Participants were 81 families of 3–15-year-olds. For children, the VFBA was associated with greater reductions than the Control condition on the Child Behavior Checklist Emotionally Reactive, Withdrawn, Sleep Problems, Aggressive Behavior and Total Problems scales. For parents, the VFBA was associated with greater reductions than the Control condition on the Adult Self-Report Anxious/Depressed, Rule-Breaking Behavior, Internalizing Problems and Total Problems scales. The VFBA was also associated with greater improvement than the Control condition in the parents’ health-related quality of life, as indicated by all scales of the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Glied S, Sacarny A (2018) Is the US health care system wasteful and inefficient? Review of the evidence. J Health Polit Policy Law 43(5):739–765. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-6951103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Herrmann JA (2018) Complex problems, progressive policy solutions, and one health. Beyond one health: from recognition to results, 1st edn. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 293–306

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Ivanova MY, Dewey L, Swift P, Weinberger S, Hudziak J (2019) Health promotion in primary care pediatrics: initial results of a randomized clinical trial of the Vermont family based approach. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 28(2):237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2018.11.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hudziak J, Ivanova MY (2016) The Vermont Family Based Approach: family based health promotion, illness prevention, and intervention. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 25(2):167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2015.11.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips MR et al (2007) No health without mental health. Lancet 370(9590):859–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61238-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kolappa K, Henderson DC, Kishore SP (2013) No physical health without mental health: lessons unlearned? Bull World Health Organ 91(1):3-3A. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.12.115063

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. DuBois CM, Lopez OV, Beale EE, Healy BC, Boehm JK, Huffman JC (2015) Relationships between positive psychological constructs and health outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Int J Cardiol 195:265–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.121

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Kubzansky LD, Huffman JC, Boehm JK, Hernandez R, Kim ES, Koga HK et al (2018) Positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular disease: JACC health promotion series. J Am Coll Cardiol 72(12):1382–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.042

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Celano CM, Beale EE, Moore SV, Wexler DJ, Huffman JC (2013) Positive psychological characteristics in diabetes: a review. Curr Diab Rep 13(6):917–929

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Harrington H, Milne BJ, Poulton R (2003) Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60(7):709–717. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.7.709

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Copeland W, Shanahan L, Costello EJ, Angold A (2011) Cumulative prevalence of psychiatric disorders by young adulthood: a prospective cohort analysis from the Great Smoky Mountains Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50(3):252–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.014

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Roehrig C (2016) Mental disorders top the list of the most costly conditions in the United States: $201 billion. Health Aff 35(6):1130–1135. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Erskine H, Moffitt TE, Copeland W, Costello EJ, Ferrari AJ, Patton G et al (2015) A heavy burden on young minds: the global burden of mental and substance use disorders in children and youth. Psychol Med 45(7):1551–1563. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002888

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Baranne ML, Falissard B (2018) Global burden of mental disorders among children aged 5–14 years. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 12(1):19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0225-4

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Whiteford HA, Degenhardt L, Rehm J, Baxter AJ, Ferrari AJ, Erskine HE et al (2013) Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet 382(9904):1575–1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Vigo D, Thornicroft G, Atun R (2016) Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry 3(2):171–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00505-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. You D, Gu D, Yi Z (2010) Familial transmission of human longevity among the oldest-old in China. J Appl Gerontol 29(3):308–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464809340154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. An P, Perusse L, Rankinen T, Borecki IB, Gagnon J, Leon AS et al (2003) Familial aggregation of exercise heart rate and blood pressure in response to 20 weeks of endurance training: the HERITAGE family study. Int J Sports Med 24(01):57–62. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-37200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Schwenk RW, Vogel H, Schürmann A (2013) Genetic and epigenetic control of metabolic health. Mol Metab 2(4):337–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2013.09.002

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Cárdenas-Roldán J, Rojas-Villarraga A, Anaya J-M (2013) How do autoimmune diseases cluster in families? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 11(1):73. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-73

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Wassel CL, Loomba R, Ix JH, Allison MA, Denenberg JO, Criqui MH (2011) Family history of peripheral artery disease is associated with prevalence and severity of peripheral artery disease: the San Diego population study. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(13):1386–1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.023

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Albright F, Teerlink C, Werner TL, Cannon-Albright LA (2012) Significant evidence for a heritable contribution to cancer predisposition: a review of cancer familiality by site. BMC Cancer 12(1):138. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-12-138

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Niermann CY, Spengler S, Gubbels JS (2018) Physical activity, screen time, and dietary intake in families: a cluster-analysis with mother-father-child triads. Front Public Health 6:276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00276

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Watanabe E, Lee JS, Mori K, Kawakubo K (2016) Clustering patterns of obesity-related multiple lifestyle behaviours and their associations with overweight and family environments: a cross-sectional study in Japanese preschool children. BMJ Open 6(11):e012773. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012773

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Swaminathan S, Thomas T, Yusuf S, Vaz M (2013) Clustering of diet, physical activity and overweight in parents and offspring in South India. Eur J Clin Nutr 67(2):128–134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. McLaughlin KA, Gadermann AM, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Al-Hamzawi A, Andrade LH et al (2012) Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO world mental health surveys. Br J Psychiatry 200(4):290–299. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101253

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. McAdams TA, Rijsdijk FV, Neiderhiser JM, Narusyte J, Shaw DS, Natsuaki MN et al (2015) The relationship between parental depressive symptoms and offspring psychopathology: evidence from a children-of-twins study and an adoption study. Psychol Med 45(12):2583–2594. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715000501

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Shaw DS, Sitnick SL, Reuben J, Dishion TJ, Wilson MN (2016) Transactional effects among maternal depression, neighborhood deprivation, and child conduct problems from early childhood through adolescence: a tale of two low-income samples. Dev Psychopathol 28(3):819–836. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941600033X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Nicholson JS, Deboeck PR, Farris JR, Boker SM, Borkowski JG (2011) Maternal depressive symptomatology and child behavior: transactional relationship with simultaneous bidirectional coupling. Dev Psychol 47(5):1312. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023912

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Pilowsky DJ, Wickramaratne P, Talati A, Tang M, Hughes CW, Garber J et al (2008) Children of depressed mothers 1 year after the initiation of maternal treatment: findings from the STAR* D-child Study. Am J Psychiatry 165(9):1136–1147. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081286

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wickramaratne P, Gameroff MJ, Pilowsky DJ, Hughes CW, Garber J, Malloy E et al (2011) Children of depressed mothers 1 year after remission of maternal depression: findings from the STAR* D-child study. Am J Psychiatry 168(6):593–602. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10010032

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Seifer R (2011) Parental psychopathology and children’s sleep. In: El-Sheikh M (ed) Sleep and development: familial and socio-cultural considerations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 79–98

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Zajicek-Farber ML, Mayer LM, Daughtery LG (2012) Connections among parental mental health, stress, child routines, and early emotional behavioral regulation of preschool children in low-income families. J Soc Social Work Res 3(1):31–50. https://doi.org/10.5243/jsswr.2012.3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Manczak EM, Williams D, Chen E (2017) The role of family routines in the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms between parents and their adolescent children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45(4):643–656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0187-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Demarzo MM, Montero-Marin J, Cuijpers P, Zabaleta-del-Olmo E, Mahtani KR, Vellinga A et al (2015) The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in primary care: a meta-analytic review. Ann Fam Med 13(6):573–582. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1863

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Fjorback LO, Arendt M, Ørnbøl E, Fink P, Walach H (2011) Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy–a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Acta Psychiatr Scand 124(2):102–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01704.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kamioka H, Tsutani K, Yamada M, Park H, Okuizumi H, Tsuruoka K et al (2014) Effectiveness of music therapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials of music interventions. Patient Prefer Adherence 8:727. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S61340

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Fancourt D, Ockelford A, Belai A (2014) The psychoneuroimmunological effects of music: a systematic review and a new model. Brain Behav Immun 36:15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Biddle SJ, Asare M (2011) Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. Br J Sports Med 45(11):886–895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ross A, Thomas S (2010) The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med 16(1):3–12. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0044

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Itani O, Jike M, Watanabe N, Kaneita Y (2017) Short sleep duration and health outcomes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sleep Med 32:246–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Shochat T, Cohen-Zion M, Tzischinsky O (2014) Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 18(1):75–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2013.03.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Slawson DL, Fitzgerald N, Morgan KT (2013) Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: the role of nutrition in health promotion and chronic disease prevention. J Acad Nutr Diet 113(7):972–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.05.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Grosso G, Bella F, Godos J, Sciacca S, Del Rio D, Ray S et al (2017) Possible role of diet in cancer: systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and cancer risk. Nutr Rev 75(6):405–419. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Gariepy G, Honkaniemi H, Quesnel-Vallee A (2016) Social support and protection from depression: systematic review of current findings in Western countries. Br J Psychiatry 209(4):284–293. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.169094

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Barth J, Schneider S, Von Känel R (2010) Lack of social support in the etiology and the prognosis of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 72(3):229–238. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d01611

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Barry MM, Clarke AM, Jenkins R, Patel V (2013) A systematic review of the effectiveness of mental health promotion interventions for young people in low and middle income countries. BMC Public Health 13(1):835. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-835

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Pennant M, Davenport C, Bayliss S, Greenheld W, Marshall T, Hyde C (2010) Community programs for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Am J Epidemiol 172(5):501–516. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq171

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Gonzalez-Campoy J, St. Jeor S, Castorino K, Ebrahim A, Hurley D, Jovanovic L et al (2013) Clinical practice guidelines for healthy eating for the prevention and treatment of metabolic and endocrine diseases in adults. Endocr Pract 19(5):875–887. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP13155.ESGL

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Solomon A, Mangialasche F, Richard E, Andrieu S, Bennett DA, Breteler M et al (2014) Advances in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. J Intern Med 275(3):229–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12178

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Pak CCY (ed) (2012) Renal stone disease: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment, vol 5. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  52. Feldman AS, He Y, Moore ML, Hershenson MB, Hartert TV (2015) Toward primary prevention of asthma. Reviewing the evidence for early-life respiratory viral infections as modifiable risk factors to prevent childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 191(1):34–44. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201405-0901PP

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Swift PJ, Dewey L, Ivanova MY, Foret D, Flanders E, Plasha L et al (2018) Incorporating family-based care into outpatient child/adolescent psychiatry: initial findings implementing the Vermont Family Based Approach. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 57(10S):S265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Sung SC, Tng HY, Wong ZJ, Tan YL, Tan YR, Choong SF et al (2019) Assessing for mood and anxiety disorders in parents of clinically-referred children: laying the foundation for a family-based approach to mental health in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap 48:55–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR (2002) The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Aff 21(2):78–93. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Frieden TR (2010) A framework for public health action: the health impact pyramid. Am J Public Health 100(4):590–595. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.185652

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. van de Vijver S, Oti S, Addo J, de Graft-Atkins A, Agyemang C (2012) Review of community-based interventions for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in low-and middle-income countries. Ethn Health 17(6):651–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2012.754409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Miller WR, Rollnick S (2012) Motivational interviewing: helping people change. Guilford, New York

    Google Scholar 

  59. Stanger SB, Ivanova MY, Hall AY, Shaw JS, Slunecka F, Kapaska D et al. (2016) School-based family wellness: a gateway to service utilization. Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families; Technical Report

  60. Buckingham S, Paiva-Salisbury M, Ivanova M, McGinnis E, Hall A, Shaw JS, et al. (2017) Feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the Vermont Family Based Approach in a school setting: the Addison Central Supervisory Union family wellness program. Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families; 2017. Technical Report

  61. Achenbach TM, Rescorla L (2000) Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  62. Campo JV, Geist R, Kolko DJ (2018) Integration of pediatric behavioral health services in primary care: improving access and outcomes with collaborative care. Can J Psychiatry 63(7):432–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743717751668

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Asarnow JR, Rozenman M, Wiblin J, Zeltzer L (2015) Integrated medical-behavioral care compared with usual primary care for child and adolescent behavioral health: a meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 169(10):929–937. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Ivanova MY, Hall A, Weinberger S, Crockett P, Foret D, McGinnis E et al (2019) RCT of the Vermont Family Based Approach (VFBA) in primary care pediatrics: engagement with health and support services. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 58(10S):S220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. United States Census Bureau (2019) QuickFacts: Burlington city, Vermont. United States Census Bureau, Suitland

    Google Scholar 

  66. Moos BS, Moos RH (2009) Family Environment Scale manual: development, applications, research, 3rd edn. Mind Garden, Palo Alto

    Google Scholar 

  67. Dunst CJ, Leet HE (1987) Measuring the adequacy of resources in households with young children. Child Care Health Dev 13:111–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Israel AC, Roderick HA, Ivanova MY (2002) A measure of the Stability of Activities in a Family Environment. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 24:85–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. McMahon RJ, Forehand RL (2005) Helping the noncompliant child: family-based treatment for oppositional behavior, 2nd edn. Guilford, New York

    Google Scholar 

  70. ACT.md. Version 1.0. (2012). Accessed from https://www.activatecare.com.

  71. Achenbach TM (2002) General description of 1975 Hollingshead occupational categories updated to 2001. Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  72. Campbell I (2007) Chi-squared and Fisher-Irwin tests of two-by-two tables with small sample recommendations. Stat Med 26(19):3661–3675. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2832

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Achenbach TM, Rescorla L (2001) Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  74. Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Guo J, Althoff RR, Kan K et al (2019) Testing syndromes of psychopathology in parent and youth ratings across societies. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 48(4):596–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1405352

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Harder VS, Ang RP, Bilenberg N et al (2010) Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: testing the seven-syndrome model of the child behavior checklist for ages 1.5–5. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49(12):1215–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.019

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Franz L, Angold A, Copeland W, Costello EJ, Towe-Goodman N, Egger H (2013) Preschool anxiety disorders in pediatric primary care: prevalence and comorbidity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 52(12):1294–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.008

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Flynn AB, Fothergill KE, Wilcox HC, Coleclough E, Horwitz R, Ruble A et al (2015) Primary care interventions to prevent or treat traumatic stress in childhood: a systematic review. Acad Pediatr 15(5):480–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2015.06.012

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Achenbach TM, Rescorla L (2003) Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  79. Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Tumer LV, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A et al (2015) Syndromes of self-reported psychopathology for ages 18–59 in 29 societies. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 37(2):171–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9448-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30(6):473–483. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Lu JR, Sherbourne CD (1994) The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Med Care 32(1):40–66. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199401000-00004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE (1993) The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 31(3):247–263. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199303000-00006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Hardin JW (2005) Generalized estimating equations (GEE). In: Everitt BS, Howell DC (eds) Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  84. Hubbard AE, Ahern J, Fleischer NL, Van der Laan M, Lippman SA, Jewell N et al (2010) To GEE or not to GEE: comparing population average and mixed models for estimating the associations between neighborhood risk factors and health. Epidemiology 21(4):467–474. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181caeb90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Zhang H, Yu Q, Feng C, Gunzler DD, Wu P, Tu XM (2012) A new look at the difference between the GEE and the GLMM when modeling longitudinal count responses. J Appl Stat 39(9):2067–2079. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2012.700452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Nolen-Hoeksema S (2012) Emotion regulation and psychopathology: the role of gender. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 8:161–187. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143109

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Kessler RC, Birnbaum HG, Shahly V, Bromet E, Hwang I, McLaughlin KA et al (2010) Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: results from the WHO world mental health survey initiative. Depress Anxiety 27(4):351–364. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20634

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Costello EJ, Copeland W, Angold A (2011) Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 52(10):1015–1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Kroenke K, Unutzer J (2017) Closing the false divide: sustainable approaches to integrating mental health services into primary care. J Gen Intern Med 32(4):404–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3967-926

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Macchi CR, Kessler R, Auxier A et al (2016) The practice integration profile: rationale, development, method, and research. Fam Syst Health 34(4):334–341. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Morris S (2008) Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organ Res Methods 11(2):364–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106291059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Colon-Rentas O, Gordon L, Montejo LD, Reitsma P, Sánchez FA, Song B (2006) The impact of the sleeper effect and relapse on the dynamics of cigarette smoking among adolescents. Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Institute; Technical Report. MTBI-03-04M

  93. Sklad M, Diekstra R, Ritter MD, Ben J, Gravesteijn C (2012) Effectiveness of school-based universal social, emotional, and behavioral programs: do they enhance students’ development in the area of skill, behavior, and adjustment? Psychol Sch 49(9):892–909. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21641

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Funding was provided by the University of Vermont Medical Center.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masha Y. Ivanova.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 101 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ivanova, M.Y., Hall, A., Weinberger, S. et al. The Vermont Family Based Approach in Primary Care Pediatrics: Effects on Children’s and Parents’ Emotional and Behavioral Problems and Parents’ Health-Related Quality of Life. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 54, 1297–1308 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01329-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01329-4

Keywords

Navigation