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Biosensors, Recent Advances in Determination of BDNF and NfL

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Abstract

Key biomarkers such as Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Neurofilament light chain (NfL) play important roles in the development and progression of many neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. In these clinical conditions, the underlying biomarker processes are markedly heterogeneous. In this context, robust biomarker discovery is of critical importance for screening, early detection, and monitoring of neurological diseases. The difficulty of directly identifying biochemical processes in the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging. In recent years, biomarkers of CNS inflammatory response have been identified in various body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tears. Furthermore, biotechnology and nanotechnology have facilitated the development of biosensor platforms capable of real-time detection of multiple biomarkers in clinically relevant samples. Biosensing technology is approaching maturity and will be deployed in communities, at which point screening programs and personalized medicine will become a reality. In this multidisciplinary review, our goal is to highlight clinical and current technological advances in the development of multiplex-based solutions for effective diagnosis and monitoring of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.

Graphical Abstract

The trend in the detection if BDNF and NfL.

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Data Availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

Abbreviations

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

IMR:

Immunomagnetic reduction

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

IDE:

Interdigitated electrode

MWCNTs:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantitation

CV:

Cycling voltammetry

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

SPE:

Screen-printed electrode

NfL:

Neurofilament light chain

SMA:

Single-molecule array

MBs:

Magnetic microbeads

PEC:

Photoelectrochemical

PtWP:

Woodpile-like Pt nanowire

EGOFET:

Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor

IDE:

Interdigitated electrode

3,5- DClPDT:

3,5-Dichlorophenyl diazonium tetrafluoroborate

Na-DEDTC:

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

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The authors have not disclosed any funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ahmad Mobed, Yalda Yazdani, Ali Ahmadalipour & Maryam Haghani

  2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Ahmad Mobed, Saeid Charsouei, Yalda Yazdani, Morad Kohandel Gargari, Ali Ahmadalipour, Seyyedeh Reyhaneh Sadremousavi, Maryam Farrahizadeh, Ali Shahbazi & Maryam Haghani

  3. Tabriz Neuroscience Research Center (NRSC), Neurology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Saeid Charsouei

  4. Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ahmad Mobed

  5. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ahmad Mobed, Saeid Charsouei, Yalda Yazdani, Morad Kohandel Gargari, Ali Ahmadalipour, Seyyedeh Reyhaneh Sadremousavi, Maryam Farrahizadeh, Ali Shahbazi & Maryam Haghani

  6. Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Morad Kohandel Gargari

  7. Department of Psychology, East Azarbayjan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

    Seyyedeh Reyhaneh Sadremousavi

  8. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Farrahizadeh

  9. Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Shahbazi

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Contributions

Data curation: AM, SC; Writing—original draft: YY, MKG, AA; Conceptualization & Supervision: AM; Investigation: SRS, MF, AS, MH.

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Correspondence to Ahmad Mobed or Saeid Charsouei.

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Mobed, A., Charsouei, S., Yazdani, Y. et al. Biosensors, Recent Advances in Determination of BDNF and NfL. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43, 3801–3814 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01401-0

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