Abstract
The varied and wide-reaching impacts of climate change are occurring across heterogeneous landscapes characterized by a broad diversity of soil types. Despite the known importance of soils in mediating biogeochemical nutrient cycling, there is little experimental evidence of how soil characteristics may shape aqueous nutrient losses from forest ecosystems under climate change. Our objective was to clarify how soil characteristics modify the impact of climate changes on carbon and nutrient leaching losses in temperate forests. We therefore conducted a field-based mesocosm experiment with replicated warming and snow exclusion treatments on two soils in large (2.4 m diameter), in-field forest sapling mesocosms. We found that nutrient loss responses to warming and snow exclusion treatments frequently varied substantially by soil type. For example, warming and snow exclusion increased nitrogen (N) losses on fine textured soils by up to four times versus controls, but these treatments had no impact on coarse textured soils. Generally, the coarse textured soil, with its lower soil-water holding capacity, had higher nutrient losses (e.g., 12–17 times more total N loss from coarse than fine textured soils), except in the case of phosphate, which had consistently higher losses (23–58%) from the finer textured soil. Furthermore, the mitigation of nutrient loss by increasing sapling biomass varied by soil type and nutrient. Our results suggest that potentially large biogeochemical responses to climate change are strongly mediated by soil characteristics, providing further evidence of the need to consider soil properties in Earth system models for improving nutrient cycling and climate projections.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Paula Murakami, Rachel Smith, Joel Tilley, Sam Wallace, Emily Whalen, Allyson Makuch, and Victoria Gallogly for field and laboratory assistance. We also thank Peter Groffman and Aimée Classen for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We greatly appreciate the assistance of Alan Howard at the Statistical Consulting Clinic at the University of Vermont. The initial establishment of mesocosm infrastructure was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis projects 1002300 and 1020508, as well as the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (DGE 1451866).
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This study was funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis projects 1002300 and 1020508, and was supported by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (DGE 1451866). The mesocosm research site was established with the support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
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All authors conceived of the study, contributed to manuscript review, and approved the final version. SJ PS AK CW GH DW and CA managed the field site and climate treatments, and conducted field measurements. SJ conducted laboratory analyses and prepared the first draft of the manuscript. SJ and CA conducted the statistical analyses.
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Juice, S.M., Schaberg, P.G., Kosiba, A.M. et al. Soil type modifies the impacts of warming and snow exclusion on leachate carbon and nutrient losses. Biogeochemistry 160, 199–217 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00949-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00949-1