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The Effects of Methamphetamine Use on the Sexual Lives of Gender and Sexually Diverse People in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study

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Abstract

Methamphetamine use has increased among gender and sexually diverse people in several countries, including Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the effects of methamphetamine on the sexual lives of these people in Dhaka, Bangladesh. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted, comprising 30 in-depth interviews with gender and sexually diverse people including males having sex with males, male sex workers, and transgender women (hijra) under HIV intervention coverage. Ten key informant interviews were also conducted with individuals who have expertise in relevant disciplines such as drug use, harm reduction, and HIV and AIDS. Digitally recorded data were manually analyzed under the thematic analysis framework. Findings indicated that many participants reported that methamphetamine brought changes in their sexual lives such as increased sexual drive, engagement in group sex, the increased ability to perform serial sex, transactional sex, impulsive and coercive sex, initiation and switching of male-to-male sexual practices, and limited condom use. Key informants noted that there is a dearth of methamphetamine-related services in Bangladesh. Methamphetamine use was found to lead to diverse effects on the sexual lives of gender and sexually diverse people, thus making it a driving force for shaping sexual practices and, hence, sexual risks. Therefore, it is essential for policy-level stakeholders and program managers to consider the risks of methamphetamine use due to their negative ramifications on sexual health, including HIV risks.

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Acknowledgements

This research protocol was funded by National Institute of Health Fogarty Global Health Program and Stanford University, Stanford, CA. icddr,b greatly acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden, and the UK for providing core/unrestricted support. The funding for this study came from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Fogarty Global Health Program for this research through grant R25 TW009338 FIC NIH. This research was carried with a sub-award from Stanford University, CA, USA (number 61056084-105415-E). The funding source was not involved in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, report writing and the decision to submit this article for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programme for HIV and AIDS, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Sharful Islam Khan, Mohammad Niaz Morshed Khan, Samira Dishti Irfan & A. M. Rumayan Hasan

  2. Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

    Mohammad Niaz Morshed Khan

  3. Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Allen G. Ross

  4. Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Lily Ming-Sha Horng

  5. Faculty of Human and Social Development, School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

    Nathan Lachowsky

  6. Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Gail Knudson

  7. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Tasnim Azim

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  1. Sharful Islam Khan
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Contributions

SIK He was the Principal Investigator (PI) of the project, who was involved in the writing and conceptualization of the protocol, supervision of data collection, and management. He was also involved in data analysis and writing of the article. Along with supervising overall data collection, he was involved in data analysis and writing the article. He actively participated in the revision of the article. SDI She was involved in the literature review, analysis of data and was actively involved in writing and revising the article. AMRH He was responsible for managing overall data collection and analysis. He supported in the development of the article. AGR He was actively involved in providing guidance for article development and revising the article in terms of reviewing the article, recommending styles of expression, and ensuring overall articulation. LMSH She performed as the student investigator, wrote the protocol, and developed the article. NL He was actively involved in providing guidance for article development and revising the article in terms of reviewing the article, recommending styles of expression, and ensuring overall articulation. GK She was actively involved in providing guidance for article development and revising the article in terms of reviewing the article, recommending styles of expression, and ensuring overall articulation. TA She served as the Co-Principal Investigator of this research project. She reviewed the protocol and article, and provided valuable suggestions for the overall improvement of the article.

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Correspondence to Sharful Islam Khan.

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Ethical Approval

This research protocol received the ethical approval of the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of icddr,b. All interviews performed in this study have been conducted in accordance to the ethical standards of the ERC.

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Informed and understood consents were attained and digitally recorded, if authorized by the participant, from all the study participants prior to conducting the interviews.

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Khan, S.I., Khan, M.N.M., Irfan, S.D. et al. The Effects of Methamphetamine Use on the Sexual Lives of Gender and Sexually Diverse People in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study. Arch Sex Behav 50, 479–493 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01674-2

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