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Obstructive sleep apnea-increased DEC1 regulates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that promotes development of pulmonary arterial hypertension

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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is a common risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As a hypoxia-induced transcription factor, differentially expressed in chondrocytes (DEC1) negatively regulates the transcription of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a recognized protective factor of PAH. However, whether and how DEC1 is associated with PAH pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we found that DEC1 was increased in lungs and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of rat models of OSA-associated PAH. Oxidative indicators and inflammatory cytokines were also elevated in the blood of the rats. Similarly, hypoxia-treated PASMCs displayed enhanced DEC1 expression and reduced PPARγ expression in vitro. Functionally, DEC1 overexpression exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) in PASMCs. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of Dec1 increased PPARγ expression but attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in PASMCs. Additionally, DEC1 overexpression promoted PASMC proliferation, which was drastically attenuated by a PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results suggest that hypoxia-induced DEC1 inhibits PPARγ, and that this is a predominant mechanism underpinning oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in PASMCs during PAH. DEC1 could be used as a potential target to treat PAH.

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Data availability

Additional data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

OSA:

Obstructive sleep apnea

CIH:

Chronic intermittent hypoxia

HPH:

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PAECs:

Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells

PASMCs:

Pulmonary artery endothelial cells

PAH:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ

DEC1:

differentially expressed in chondrocytes

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

GSH-Px:

Glutathione peroxidase

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos. ZR2020QH155 and ZR2021MH189).

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    1. Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

      Xiaoming Li, Xiaozhi Hou, Xin Bing, Fangyuan Zhu, Xinhao Wu, Na Guo, Hui Zhao, Fenglei Xu & Ming Xia

    2. Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China

      Xiaoming Li

    3. Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China

      Xiang Zhang

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    F.X. and X.M. conceived and designed research, analyzed data, and edited and revised the manuscript; X.L. and X.Z. performed experiments and drafted the manuscript; X.H., X.B., F.Z., X.W., N.G. and H.Z. interpreted results of experiments and prepared figures; all authors read and approved the final version of this manuscript.

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    Li, X., Zhang, X., Hou, X. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-increased DEC1 regulates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that promotes development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Apoptosis 28, 432–446 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-022-01797-y

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