Abstract
Disease plays a major role in shaping wildlife populations worldwide, and changes in landscape conditions can significantly influence risk of pathogen exposure, a threat to vulnerable wild species. Three viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease affect cervid populations in the USA (Odocoileus hemionus adenovirus, bluetongue virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus), but little is known of their distribution and prevalence in wild populations. We explored the distribution and co-occurrence of seroprevalence of these three pathogens in southern mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus fuliginatus), a subspecies of conservation concern and a harvested species native to southern California, to evaluate the distribution of exposure to these pathogens relative to landscape attributes. We found that habitat type, level of development, and proximity to livestock may affect hemorrhagic disease seroprevalence in southern mule deer. Continued monitoring of hemorrhagic disease-causing viruses in areas where deer are in proximity to cattle and human development is needed to better understand the implications of future outbreaks in wild populations and to identify opportunities to mitigate disease impacts in southern mule deer and other cervid species.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to give a big thank you to Janene Colby and Kylie Curtis for their continued support, assistance, and encouragement throughout this study, along with the multitude of CDFW personnel who aided in this project including Tracie Nelson, Katie Filippini, Christine Thompson, and Richard Cousins. This project was funded as part of the CDFW’s Southern Mule Deer project.
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Tomaszewski, E., Jennings, M., Munk, B. et al. Landscape Seroprevalence of Three Hemorrhagic Disease-Causing Viruses in a Wild Cervid. EcoHealth 18, 182–193 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-021-01546-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-021-01546-8