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Modulation mütterlicher Immunzellen durch plazentare extrazelluläre Vesikel und microRNA

Modulation of maternal immune cells by placental extracellular vesicles and microRNA

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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die fetomaternale Kommunikation spielt eine entscheidende Rolle während der Schwangerschaft. Dazu werden lösliche Faktoren wie Hormone und Neuropeptide, aber auch extrazelluläre Vesikel (EV) von der Plazenta in den mütterlichen Kreislauf abgegeben. EV sind membrangebundene Vesikel, die von Zellen freigesetzt werden und eine wichtige Rolle in der interzellulären Kommunikation spielen. Sie können in verschiedene Klassen eingeteilt werden, darunter Exosomen und Mikrovesikel. EV enthalten eine Vielzahl von Molekülen wie Proteine, Lipide, Nukleinsäuren und microRNAs (miRNAs), die durch verschiedene Mechanismen von Zielzellen aufgenommen werden können. EV tragen zur Kommunikation zwischen Plazenta und mütterlichen Organen und Zellen einschließlich des Immunsystems bei. Plazentare miRNAs spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Regulation von Zellfunktionen in der Plazenta, gelangen aber auch mittels EV in Immunzellen. Deren Aufnahme kann die Immunantwort beeinflussen und zur Entwicklung der maternofetalen Immuntoleranz beitragen. Bei Schwangerschaftsstörungen und -erkrankungen kann die Menge und Zusammensetzung plazentarer EV verändert sein. Daher haben sie das Potenzial, zukünftig als diagnostische Marker für Schwangerschaftskomplikationen genutzt zu werden.

Abstract

Fetomaternal communication plays a decisive role during pregnancy. Soluble factors, such as hormones and neuropeptides but also extracellular vesicles (EV) are transferred from the placenta to the maternal circulation. EVs are membrane-linked vesicles that are released by cells and play an important role in the intercellular communication. They can be classified into various classes including exosomes and microvesicles. EVs contain a multitude of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be taken up by target cells through a variety of mechanisms. They contribute to the communication between the placenta and maternal organs and cells, including the immune system. Placental miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of cell functions in the placenta but can also be transported into immune cells via EVs. Their uptake can influence the immune response and contribute to the development of fetomaternal immune tolerance. In pregnancy disorders an diseases the amount and composition of placental EVs in maternal blood can be altered. Therefore, they have the potential to be used as diagnostic markers for complications during pregnancy in the future.

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Förderung

Während des Verfassens dieses Manuskripts erhielten D.M. Morales-Prieto und U.R. Markert Förderungen von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Projekt-Nummern 255955419 und 315156279), dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Förderkennzeichen: 03VP08692) und vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (Förderkennzeichen: KK5360801NK1).

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  1. Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Placenta-Labor, Forschungszentrum Lobeda, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland

    Rachel R. Zabel, José M. Murrieta-Coxca, Diana M. Morales-Prieto &  Udo R. Markert

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  1. Rachel R. Zabel
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  2. José M. Murrieta-Coxca
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Correspondence to Udo R. Markert.

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R.R. Zabel, J.M. Murrieta-Coxca, D.M. Morales-Prieto und U.R. Markert geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Zabel, R.R., Murrieta-Coxca, J.M., Morales-Prieto, D.M. et al. Modulation mütterlicher Immunzellen durch plazentare extrazelluläre Vesikel und microRNA. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 21, 248–253 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-023-00534-1

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