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Micro-fracture Precursors of Water Flow Channels Induced by Coal Mining: A Case Study

Mikrofrakturen als Präkursor von Wasserwegsamkeiten infolge Kohlebergbau: Eine Fallstudie

Precursores de microfracturas de los canales de flujo de agua inducidos por la minería de carbón: un estudio de caso

煤炭回采诱发导水通道形成的微裂隙前兆:案例研究

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Abstract

The evolution of water flow channels typically includes a micro-fracture precursor, especially during deep mining. However, this precursor has not been well characterized. To get more insight into this precursor and its development, the no. 22517 panel in the Dongjiahe coal mine was studied using microseismic monitoring. The energy density of microseismic events was used to identify the spatial location and formation process of the water flow channels. Microseismic focal parameters, such as seismic energy, seismic potency, apparent stress, seismic moment, apparent volume, energy index, and the Gutenberg-Richter b value were determined for the micro-fracture precursors of the water flow channels. The cumulative apparent volume increased significantly and the Gutenberg-Richter b value decreased rapidly, corresponding to the micro-fracture precursor of the water flow channel. Based on the results, a Gutenberg-Richter b value of 0.7 may be an early warning threshold for the formation of a water-flow channel. Finally, a real-time early warning method for water inrush disasters in floor was established based on microseismic monitoring, geophysics, and the water inrush coefficient.

Zusammenfassung

Die Entwicklung von Wasserwegsamkeiten schließt in der Regel Mikrofrakturen als Präkursor ein, speziell bei tiefem Bergbau. Dieser Präkursor ist jedoch nicht gut charakterisiert. Um in diesen Präkursor einen tieferen Einblick zu gewinnen, wurde die Ebene 22517 im Dongjiahe Kohle-Bergwerk durch mikro-seismisches Monitoring untersucht. Die Energiedichte der mikroseismischen Ereignisse wurde benutzt, um die Lokalitäten und den Entstehungsprozess der Wasserwegsamkeiten zu erfassen. Mikroseismische Parameter wie seismische Energie, seismische Stärke, scheinbare Spannung, seismischer Impuls, scheinbares Volumen, Energieindex und Gutenberg-Richter-b-Wert wurden für die Mikrofraktur-Präkursoren der Wasserwegsamkeiten bestimmt. Das kumulative scheinbare Volumen stieg signifikant und der Gutenberg-Richter-b-Wert ging schnell zurück im Zusammenhang mit den Mikrofraktur-Präkursoren der Wasserwegsamkeiten. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen kann ein Gutenberg-Richter-b-Wert von 0,7 als Schwellenwert für eine erste Warnung vor entstehenden Wasserwegsamkeiten angenommen werden. Letztlich wurde eine Echtzeit-Frühwarn-Methode für Wassereinbrüche aufgebaut, die auf mikroseismischem Monitoring, Geophysik und dem Wassereinbruch-Koeffizienten beruht.

Resumen

La evolución de los canales de flujo de agua suele incluir un precursor de microfracturas, especialmente durante la minería a gran profundidad. Sin embargo, este precursor no ha sido bien caracterizado. Para obtener más información sobre este precursor y su desarrollo, se estudió el panel Nº 22517 de la mina de carbón de Dongjiahe utilizando la vigilancia microsísmica. La densidad de energía de los eventos microsísmicos se utilizó para identificar la ubicación espacial y el proceso de formación de los canales de flujo de agua. Se determinaron parámetros focales microsísmicos, como la energía sísmica, la potencia sísmica, la tensión aparente, el momento sísmico, el volumen aparente, el índice de energía y el valor b de Gutenberg-Richter para los precursores de microfracturas de los canales de flujo de agua. El volumen aparente acumulado aumentó significativamente y el valor de Gutenberg-Richter b disminuyó rápidamente, correspondiendo al precursor de microfractura del canal de flujo de agua. Sobre la base de los resultados, un valor de Gutenberg-Richter b de 0,7 puede ser un umbral de alerta temprana para la formación de un canal de flujo de agua. Por último, se estableció un método de alerta temprana en tiempo real para los desastres de irrupción de agua en el suelo, basado en la vigilancia microsísmica, la geofísica y el coeficiente de irrupción de agua.

煤炭回采诱发导水通道形成的微裂隙前兆:案例研究

尤其对于深部煤炭开采, 导水通道的形成通常都有微裂隙前兆。但是, 这种前兆还未被很好地表征。为深入了解这一前兆及其发展过程, 对董家河煤矿22517采区进行了微震监测研究。利用微震事件的能量密度识别导水通道的空间位置和形成过程。为识别导水通道的微破裂前兆, 确定了微震震源的地震能量、地震烈度、表观应力、地震力矩、表观体积、能量指数和古登堡-里克特b值参数。相应的导水通道微破裂前兆的累积表观体积显著增大和古登堡-里克特b值迅速减小。结果显示, 导水通道形成的古登堡-里克特b值早期预警阈值为0.7。最后, 基于微震监测、地球物理勘探和突水系数计算, 建立了底板突水灾害实时预警方法。

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Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the National Science Foundation of China (Grants 51909032 and U1710253, 51627804, 51879041), Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (Grant 2008085ME145) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant N180105029).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Rock Instability and Seismicity Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Guanwen Cheng, Lianchong Li & Tianhong Yang

  2. Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Guanwen Cheng

  3. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China

    Chunan Tang

  4. He Bei Coal Research Institute, Xingtai, 05400, China

    Xiaoyu Chuai

  5. Ministry of Emergency Management Information Institute, Beijing, 10029, China

    Like Wei

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  1. Guanwen Cheng
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Correspondence to Lianchong Li.

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Cheng, G., Tang, C., Li, L. et al. Micro-fracture Precursors of Water Flow Channels Induced by Coal Mining: A Case Study. Mine Water Environ 40, 398–414 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-021-00772-4

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