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Q-switched Nd:YAG laser protects human keratinocytes from oxidative stress and inflammation via AhR–Nrf2 pathway

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Abstract

In recent years, some treatments for esthetic and pathologic skin conditions have increasingly been based on the use of non-ablative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser due to its greater penetration ability than other types of lasers, few contraindications, minimal side effects, no damage for epidermidis and the rapid recovery of the treated patients. The skin is frequently exposed to many stressors such as radiation, toxic substances, metabolites, foods, mechanical insults, and allergen exposition that cause oxidative damage and have a decisive influence on the aging process. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and the malfunctioning of the antioxidant defense system promotes the establishment of an excessive inflammatory process, which can induce various diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study investigated the cytoprotective function of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser against stress aging and cell injury in HaCaT cells. We evaluated the effect of the laser on antioxidant defenses, inflammation, metalloproteinases’ expression, and the AhR-Nrf2 pathway. Q-switched Nd:YAG is able to upregulate the AhR pathway and the expression of IL-6 and TGF-β, which are involved in wound repair process, and to downregulate the expression of MMP-2 and 9, so preventing the collagen degradation. Q-switched Nd:YAG can stimulate the cellular antioxidant defenses by activating the AhR-Nrf2 system.

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Author notes

  1. Giovanna Donnarumma and Adone Baroni contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, NA, 80138, Italy

    Alessandra Fusco, Vittoria Savio, Brunella Perfetto, Maria Donniacuo & Giovanna Donnarumma

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Elena Shadrina

  3. Department of Mental Health and Physics and Preventive Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, NA, 80100, Italy

    Adone Baroni

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  1. Alessandra Fusco
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Contributions

AB and GD designed the study. AF, BP, VS, and MD oversaw the laboratory procedures. AF wrote the manuscript. AB, ES, and GD supervised and validated the original draft. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alessandra Fusco.

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Fusco, A., Savio, V., Perfetto, B. et al. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser protects human keratinocytes from oxidative stress and inflammation via AhR–Nrf2 pathway. Lasers Med Sci 39, 7 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-023-03953-5

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