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Biphasic dose response in the anti-inflammation experiment of PBM

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Abstract

Non-invasive laser irradiation can induce photobiomodulation (PBM) effects in cells and tissues, which can help reduce inflammation and pain in several clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study is to review the current literature to verify whether PBM can produce dose effects in anti-inflammatory experiments by summarizing the clinical and experimental effects of different laser parameters of several diseases. The so-called Arndt-Schulz curve is often used to describe two-phase dose reactions, assuming small doses of therapeutic stimulation, medium doses of inhibition, and large doses of killing. In the past decade, more and more attention has been paid to the clinical application of PBM, especially in the field of anti-inflammation, because it represents a non-invasive strategy with few contraindications. Although there are different types of lasers available, their use is adjusted by different parameters. In general, the parameters involved are wavelength, energy density, power output, and radiation time. However, due to the biphasic effect, the scientific and medical communities remain puzzled by the ways in which the application of PBM must be modified depending on its clinical application. This article will discuss these parameter adjustments and will then also briefly introduce two controversial theories of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of PBM. A better understanding of the extent of dualistic dose response in low-intensity laser therapy is necessary to optimize clinical treatment. It also allows us to explore the most dependable mechanism for PBM use and, ultimately, standardize treatment for patients with various diseases.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81901241) and Beijing Tongzhou District Science and Technology Development Plan (grant no. KJ2021CX008-24).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Fang Nie, Shaolong Hao, Yu Ji, Yan Zhang, Hao Sun & Wei Han

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    Melissa Will & YuChuan Ding

  3. Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Shaolong Hao, Yu Ji & Wei Han

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  1. Fang Nie
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Contributions

Idea: Fang Nie, YuChuan Ding, Wei Han, and Yan Zhang. Literature search: Fang Nie, Melissa Will, and Hao Sun. Data analysis: Fang Nie, Yu Ji, Zeqian Lee, Yan Zhang, and Yu Ji. Writing—original draft preparation: Fang Nie, Melissa Will, Yu Ji, Wei Han, YuChuan Ding, and Hao Sun. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Nie, F., Hao, S., Ji, Y. et al. Biphasic dose response in the anti-inflammation experiment of PBM. Lasers Med Sci 38, 66 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-022-03664-3

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