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Secular trends of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and dementia in high-income countries from 1990 to 2017: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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Abstract

Background

We assessed secular trends in the burden of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and dementia in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.

Methods

Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017, we compared sex-specific and age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALY); mortality, incidence, and prevalence of IHD and stroke; and dementia per 100,000 people, in the world, OECD countries, and Canada.

Results

From 1990 to 2017, the crude incidence number of IHD, stroke, and dementia increased 52%, 76%, and 113%, respectively. Likewise, the prevalence of IHD (75%), stroke (95%), and dementia (119%) increased worldwide. In addition during the study period, the crude global number of deaths of IHD increased 52%, stroke by 41%, and dementia by 146% (9, 6, and 3 million deaths in 2017, respectively). Despite an increase in the crude number of these diseases, the global age-standardized incidence rate of IHD, stroke, and dementia decreased by −27%, − 11%, and − 5%, respectively. Moreover, there was a decline in their age-standardized DALY rates (− 1.17%, − 1.32%, and − 0.23% per year, respectively) and death rates (− 1.29%, − 1.46%, and − 0.17% per year, respectively), with sharper downward trends in Canada and OECD countries. Almost all trends flattened during the last decade.

Conclusions

From 1990 to 2017, the age-standardized burden of IHD, stroke, and dementia decreased, more prominently in OECD countries than the world. However, their rising crude numbers mainly due to population growth and ageing require urgent identification of reversible risk and protective factors.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) Results. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). 2019. http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool. Accessed 22 April 2019.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Negar Morovatdar

  2. Department of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Abolfazl Avan

  3. Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, Siebens-Drake Building, 1400 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 2V4, Canada

    M. Reza Azarpazhooh, Aidin Shariatzadeh & J. David Spence

  4. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada

    M. Reza Azarpazhooh, J. David Spence & Vladimir Hachinski

  5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

    M. Reza Azarpazhooh, Saverio Stranges & Vladimir Hachinski

  6. Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de’ Lellis General District Hospital, Rieti, Italy

    Mario Di Napoli

  7. Neurological Section, Neuro-epidemiology Unit, SMDN-Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention, Sulmona, L’Aquila, Italy

    Mario Di Napoli

  8. Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg

    Saverio Stranges

  9. Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Moira K. Kapral

  10. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Arash Akhavan Rezayat

  11. Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital, Dalhousie University, New Brunswick, Canada

    Shahram Abootalebi

  12. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

    Naghmeh Mokhber

  13. Department of Psychiatry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Naghmeh Mokhber

  14. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

    J. David Spence

Authors
  1. Negar Morovatdar
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  2. Abolfazl Avan
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  3. M. Reza Azarpazhooh
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  4. Mario Di Napoli
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  5. Saverio Stranges
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  7. Arash Akhavan Rezayat
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  8. Aidin Shariatzadeh
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  9. Shahram Abootalebi
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  10. Naghmeh Mokhber
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  11. J. David Spence
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  12. Vladimir Hachinski
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Reza Azarpazhooh.

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Negar Morovatdar and Abolfazl Avan are Joint first authors

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Morovatdar, N., Avan, A., Azarpazhooh, M.R. et al. Secular trends of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and dementia in high-income countries from 1990 to 2017: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Neurol Sci 43, 255–264 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05259-2

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