Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

High serum immunoglobulin D levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: more to be found?

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Rheumatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Many studies have shown that serum immunoglobulin D (IgD) is usually increased in autoimmune diseases. The potential role of IgD in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still unclear. Our study aimed to compare the serum IgD levels of SLE with different population and to evaluate the relationship between serum IgD and SLE.

Methods

Fifty SLE patients, 40 non-SLE chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Serum IgD levels were analyzed by ELISA assay and compared between groups. The correlation of serum IgD and SLE disease were evaluated. The ability of serum IgD to predict SLE was analyzed by graphing receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

Serum IgD levels were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to non-SLE CKD and healthy controls (7436.1 ± 5862.1 vs. 4517.8 ± 5255.2 vs. 4180.4 ± 4881 ng/mL, p = 0.01, p = 0.002, respectively), and in patients with high SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores compared with those with low scores (8572.9 ± 5968.7 vs. 5020.4 ± 4972.5 ng/mL, p = 0.044). High level of inflammatory cytokines and decreased circulating basophil counts were found in SLE patients (p < 0.05). No correlations was identified between serum IgD levels and SLEDAI scores (p > 0.05). Serum IgD was noninferior to IgG or IgE in discriminating SLE with an area under the curve of 0.672 (95% CI, 0.59–0.75).

Conclusions

Serum IgD levels are significantly elevated in SLE patients with high SLEDAI scores. Simultaneous occurrence of increased inflammatory cytokines and decreased basophil counts highlights the potential role of IgD-targets interaction in SLE pathogenesis.

Key points

• Total serum IgD levels were elevated in SLE patients.

• High IgD levels were significantly higher in SLE patients with high SLEDAI scores.

• The ability of serum IgD was equivalent to IgG or IgE in discriminating SLE from CKD and healthy adult.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Drenkard C, Lim SS (2019) Update on lupus epidemiology: advancing health disparities research through the study of minority populations. Curr Opin Rheumatol 31:689–696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Stefanski AL, Dörner T (2021) Immune checkpoints and the multiple faces of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 33(6):592–597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fernandez D, Kirou KA (2016) What causes lupus flares. Curr Rheumatol Rep 18(3):14

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Vladutiu AO (2000) Immunoglobulin D: properties, measurement, and clinical relevance. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 7(2):131–140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Schmidt K, Mueller-Eckhardt C (1973) Antinuclear autoantibodies of IgD class. An analysis of 82 patients. Z Immunitatsforsch Exp Klin Immunol. 145(5):385–91

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rostenberg I, Peñaloza R (1978) Serum IgG and IgD and levels in some infectious and noninfectious diseases. Clin Chim Acta 85(3):319–321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lucherini OM, Vitale A, Orlando I et al (2018) Serum immunoglobulin D levels in patients with Behçet’s disease according to different clinical manifestations. Clin Exp Rheumatol 36(6 Suppl 115):110–115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hochberg MC (1997) Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 40(9):1725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Dörner T, van Vollenhoven RF, Doria A et al (2022) Baricitinib decreases anti-dsDNA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a phase II double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther 24(1):112

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH et al (2009) A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 150(9):604–612

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Gladman DD, Ibañez D, Urowitz MB (2002) Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol 29(2):288–291

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pitashny M, Schwartz N, Qing X et al (2007) Urinary lipocalin-2 is associated with renal disease activity in human lupus nephritis. Arthritis Rheum 56(6):1894–1903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Northcott M, Gearing LJ, Bonin J et al (2022) Immunosuppressant exposure confounds gene expression analysis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 13:964263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Koelsch K, Zheng NY, Zhang Q et al (2007) Mature B cells class switched to IgD are autoreactive in healthy individuals. J Clin Invest 117(6):1558–1565

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen K, Cerutti A (2010) New insights into the enigma of immunoglobulin D. Immunol Rev 237(1):160–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang P, Wei Z, Yan B et al (2012) Establishment of a transgenic mouse model with liver-specific expression of secretory immunoglobulin D. Sci China Life Sci 55(3):219–227

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Wu Y, Chen W, Chen H et al (2016) The elevated secreted immunoglobulin D enhanced the activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS ONE 11(1):e0147788

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Tsokos GC (2011) Systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 365(22):2110–2121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang Q, Xiang L, Zaman MH, Dong W, He G, Deng GM (2019) Predominant role of immunoglobulin G in the pathogenesis of splenomegaly in murine lupus. Front Immunol 10:3020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Charles N, Hardwick D, Daugas E, Illei GG, Rivera J (2010) Basophils and the T helper 2 environment can promote the development of lupus nephritis. Nat Med 16(6):701–707

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Khoryati L, Augusto JF, Shipley E et al (2016) IgE inhibits Toll-like receptor 7- and Toll-like receptor 9-mediated expression of interferon-α by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 68(9):2221–2231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pisetsky DS, Bossuyt X, Meroni PL (2019) ANA as an entry criterion for the classification of SLE. Autoimmun Rev 18(12):102400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Deshmukh US, Bagavant H, Fu SM (2006) Role of anti-DNA antibodies in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Autoimmun Rev 5(6):414–418

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Dema B, Lamri Y, Pellefigues C et al (2017) Basophils contribute to pristane-induced Lupus-like nephritis model. Sci Rep 7(1):7969

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Liang P, Tang Y, Fu S et al (2015) Basophil count, a marker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 34(5):891–896

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Liang P, Tang Y, Lin L et al (2018) Low level of circulating basophil counts in biopsy-proven active lupus nephritis. Clin Rheumatol 37(2):459–465

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen K, Xu W, Wilson M et al (2009) Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell-stimulating programs in basophils. Nat Immunol 10(8):889–898

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Sechet B, Meseri-Delwail A, Arock M, Wijdenes J, Lecron JC, Sarrouilhe D (2003) Immunoglobulin D enhances interleukin-6 release from the KU812 human prebasophil cell line. Gen Physiol Biophys 22(2):255–263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Wu YJ, Chen HS, Chen WS et al (2018) CP-25 attenuates the activation of CD4+ T cells stimulated with immunoglobulin D in human. Front Pharmacol 9:4

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank technician Yong Liu of department of pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, for the help with sample detection.

Funding

This work was supported by the the grants from Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2020A1515010429), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770709, 81370786), Science and Technology Project in Guangzhou (201904010142).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China

    Peifen Liang, Qiuyan Huang, Yanchun Xu, Liling Chen, Jiajia Li, Anping Xu & Qiongqiong Yang

  2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China

    Peifen Liang, Qiuyan Huang, Yanchun Xu, Liling Chen, Jiajia Li, Anping Xu & Qiongqiong Yang

Authors
  1. Peifen Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qiuyan Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yanchun Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Liling Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jiajia Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Anping Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Qiongqiong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Anping Xu or Qiongqiong Yang.

Ethics declarations

Disclosures

None

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liang, P., Huang, Q., Xu, Y. et al. High serum immunoglobulin D levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: more to be found?. Clin Rheumatol 42, 1069–1076 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06457-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06457-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation