Abstract
Seepage analysis and assessment of the effect of seepage control at reservoir sites are essential parts of dam design and operations, and of considerable significance for the safe and economic design of the masses and hydraulic structures associated with reservoir sites. In this study, a systematic process is provided for the optimal design and assessment of seepage control of reservoir dams under karst development conditions. A reservoir dam planned for construction in the middle-upper reaches of the Huayang River in China is selected as a case example for illustration. A three-dimensional equivalent continuum seepage finite-element numerical model is applied to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed and optimized seepage-control schemes, and it is calibrated by an inversion analysis of the initial seepage field based on the flexible tolerance method and field penetration test data. By analyzing the sensitivity of seepage discharge to the length and depth of the grouting curtain, a safe and economic seepage-control optimization scheme is suggested. Additionally, the sensitivity of seepage discharge to the hydraulic conductivity of the limestone layer is analyzed, and the results show that the hydraulic conductivity of the limestone layer has a significant impact on the seepage discharge of the reservoir site. The methodology and results derived from this study can provide technical support and reference for the optimal design and assessment of seepage control for reservoir dam engineering under karst conditions.
Résumé
L’analyse des infiltrations et l’évaluation de l’effet du contrôle des infiltrations sur des sites de réservoir sont des aspects essentiels pour la conception et le fonctionnement des barrages et d’une importance considérable pour une conception sûre et économique des masses et des structures hydrauliques associées aux sites de réservoir. Cette étude présente une approche systématique pour la conception optimale et l’évaluation du contrôle de l’infiltration de barrages en contexte karstique. Un barrage réservoir en projet dans le secteur intermédiaire-amont de la rivière Huayang en Chine est choisi comme exemple d’illustration. Un modèle numérique 3D d’infiltration à continuum-équivalent par éléments finis est mis en œuvre pour investiguer l’efficacité des solutions de contrôle de l’infiltration proposées et optimisées; le modèle est calibré par analyse inverse du champ initial d’infiltration sur la base de la méthode de la tolérance flexible et des données d’essais de pénétration acquises sur le terrain. En analysant la sensibilité du débit d’infiltration à la longueur et la profondeur de l’écran d’étanchéité, un schéma d’optimisation sûr et économique du contrôle de l’infiltration est proposé. En complément, la sensibilité du débit d’infiltration à la conductivité hydraulique de la couche calcaire est analysée; les résultats montrent que la conductivité hydraulique de la couche calcaire a un impact significatif sur le débit d’infiltration au niveau du site du réservoir. La méthodologie et les résultats issus de cette étude peuvent fournir un support technique et une référence pour la conception optimale et l’évaluation du contrôle de l’infiltration pour l’ingénierie d’un barrage en contexte karstique.
Resumen
El análisis de la filtración y la evaluación de su control en los embalses son partes esenciales del diseño y la operación de las presas, y tienen una importancia considerable para un diseño seguro y económico de las estructuras hidráulicas asociadas a los sitios de los embalses. En este estudio se proporciona un proceso sistemático para el diseño y la evaluación óptimos del control de la filtración para presas en condiciones de desarrollo kárstico. Se selecciona como ejemplo de caso una obra prevista en el tramo medio-superior del río Huayang en China. Se aplica un modelo numérico tridimensional de elementos finitos de filtración continua equivalente para investigar la eficacia de los esquemas de control de filtración propuestos y optimizados, y se calibra mediante un análisis de inversión del campo de filtración inicial basado en el método de tolerancia flexible y los datos de las pruebas de penetración en el campo. Mediante el análisis de la sensibilidad de la descarga de filtraciones a la longitud y profundidad de la cortina de inyección, se sugiere un esquema de optimización de control de filtraciones seguro y económico. Además, se analiza la sensibilidad de la descarga de filtraciones a la conductividad hidráulica de la capa de caliza, y los resultados muestran que dicha conductividad hidráulica tiene un impacto significativo en la descarga de filtraciones del embalse. La metodología y los resultados derivados de este estudio pueden proporcionar apoyo técnico y referencia para el diseño óptimo y la evaluación del control de la filtración para la ingeniería de embalses en condiciones kársticas.
摘要
水库坝址渗流分析和防渗效果评估是大坝在设计和运行过程中必不可少的环节, 对水库坝址相关岩体及水工建筑物的安全经济设计具有重要意义。本研究为岩溶发育地质条件下的水库大坝防渗优化设计与评价提供了一个系统的流程。选取位于中国华阳河中上游地区规划建设的水库大坝作为案例进行说明。应用三维等效连续渗流有限元数值模型研究了所提出和优化的渗流控制方案的有效性, 并根据可变容差法和现场渗透试验数据对初始渗流场进行了反演分析, 进而对模型进行了校正。通过分析渗流量对灌浆帷幕长度和深度的敏感性, 提出了安全、经济的渗流控制优化方案。此外, 还分析了渗流量对灰岩层水力传导率的敏感性, 结果表明, 灰岩层水力传导率对渗流量有很大影响。本文的研究方法和结果可为岩溶条件下水库大坝工程的防渗优化设计和评估提供技术支持和参考。
Resumo
Análise e avaliação do efeito do controle da infiltração em locais de reservatórios são partes essenciais do projeto e operação de barragens, e de significância considerável para o projeto seguro e econômico das estruturas hidráulicas e de massa associadas com os locais dos reservatórios. Nesse estudo, um processo sistemático é fornecido para um projeto ótimo e avaliação do controle da infiltração das barragens de reservatórios sob condições de desenvolvimento cárstico. Uma barragem de reservatório planejada para construção na porção mediana-alta do Rio Huayang na China foi selecionada como um caso-exemplo para ilustração. Um modelo numérico de elementos finitos tridimensional equivalente contínuo de infiltração foi aplicado para a efetividade dos esquemas de controle de infiltração propostos e otimizados, e foi calibrado por uma análise inversa da infiltração de campo inicial baseada no método de tolerância flexível e dados de teste de penetração no campo. Ao analisar a sensibilidade da descarga de infiltração no comprimento e profundidade da cortina de sedimentação, um esquema de otimização do controle de infiltração econômico e seguro é sugerido. Adicionalmente, a sensibilidade da descarga de infiltração para a condutividade hidráulica da camada de calcário é analisada, e os resultados demonstram que a condutividade hidráulica da camada de calcário tem impacto significativo na descarga de infiltração do local do reservatório. A metodologia e os resultados derivados desse estudo podem fornecer suporte técnico e referência para o projeto ótimo e avaliação do controle de infiltração para a engenharia da barragem do reservatório sob condições cársticas.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers, the editor (Rui Ma), the technical editorial advisor (Sue Duncan) and the associate editor (Aude Vincent) for their helpful and constructive comments, which significantly improved our manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (B210203065), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1765205), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20201312), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Water Conservancy Project) (YS11001).
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Zhang, W., Shen, Z., Chen, G. et al. Optimization design and assessment of the effect of seepage control at reservoir sites under karst conditions: a case study in Anhui Province, China. Hydrogeol J 29, 1831–1855 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02357-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02357-5