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Enhancing the performance of solid-state supercapacitors: Optimizing the molecular interactions in flexible gel polymer electrolytes

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Abstract

The advancement of implantable biomedical devices (IMDs) hinges on the development of biocompatible solid-state electrolytes with outstanding electrochemical performance, safety, and reliability for flexible solid-state supercapacitors. This study focuses on the development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and potassium chloride (KCl). The GPEs obtained were subjected to comprehensive characterization using a diverse range of techniques to evaluate their spectral features, morphological properties, thermal and mechanical performance, biocompatibility, ionic conductivity, and cyclic stability. What distinguishes our research is its comprehensive exploration of the profound impact of varying PVA molecular weights and PVA/KCl weight ratios on the ionic conductivity and thermal characteristics of these gels. Notably, we observed a decrease in ionic conductivity with increasing PVA molecular weight, whereas an increase in salt concentration under the same molecular weight led to higher ionic conductivity. In particular, the optimal gel electrolyte with a molecular weight (Mw) of 195,000 g/mol and a PVA/KCl weight ratio of 1/2 demonstrated a promising ionic conductivity of 3.48 ± 0.25 mS/cm. Even after 5000 cycles, it retained 88% of its initial specific capacitance. Our findings reveal that the GPEs exhibit remarkable mechanical robustness alongside unparalleled ionic conductivity, characterized by minimal interfacial resistance. Moreover, these gel electrolytes exhibit remarkable biocompatibility, evident in a cell viability test where 72.3% of cells remained unaffected after a 72-h exposure to PVA/KCl. These findings present a promising avenue towards the fabrication of stable and high-performance biocompatible gel polymer electrolytes which can be used in solid-state supercapacitors, thereby laying the foundation for their integration into flexible, safer, and wearable bio-electronics.

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Acknowledgements

This study is a part of SA’s Ph.D. thesis. Instrumental characterization for this research was facilitated by the Polymer Chemistry Division within the Chemistry Department at Hacettepe University in Ankara, Turkey, and the Condensed Matter National Laboratory at the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) in Tehran, Iran. SA expresses gratitude for the scholarship granted by the Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities (Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı, YTB) throughout her Ph.D. thesis at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

Funding

The Condensed Matter National Laboratory at the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) in Tehran, Iran, Iran Science Elites Federation (11/ 66332), Seyed Hamed Aboutalebi, Iran National Science Foundation (Grant No: 4025075)., Seyed Hamed Aboutalebi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Science and Technology Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Saeideh Alipoori & Murat Barsbay

  2. Condensed Matter National Laboratory, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, 19395-5531, Iran

    Seyed Hamed Aboutalebi

  3. Polymer Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Murat Barsbay

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  1. Saeideh Alipoori
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Contributions

Conceptualization, S.A., S.H.A., M.B.; methodology, S.A., S.H.A., M.B.; validation, S.A., S.H.A.; formal analysis, S.A.; investigation, S.A.; writing—original draft preparation, S.A.; writing—review and editing, S.H.A, M.B.; supervision, S.H.A, M.B.; project administration, S.H.A, M.B.; funding acquisition, S.H.A, M.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Seyed Hamed Aboutalebi or Murat Barsbay.

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Alipoori, S., Aboutalebi, S.H. & Barsbay, M. Enhancing the performance of solid-state supercapacitors: Optimizing the molecular interactions in flexible gel polymer electrolytes. J Solid State Electrochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-05809-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-05809-6

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