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Preparation and electrochemical performances for silicon-carbon ternary anode materials with artificial graphite as conductive skeleton

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Abstract

Silicon-carbon materials have broad development prospects as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, polyvinyl butyral (PVB)-based carbon-coated silicon (Si/C) composite materials were prepared using PVB-coated Si particles and then high-temperature carbonization methods. Furthermore, the PVB-based carbon-coated silicon/artificial graphite composite materials (Si/C-Gr) were prepared by using artificial graphite as conductive skeleton. And the electrochemical and battery performances of Si/C and Si/C-Gr composite materials as negative electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries were investigated in detail. The results showed that PVB-based carbon was uniformly coated on the surface of silicon particles, and the electrochemical performance and battery performance of the Si/C composite material was improved with the increasing proportion of PVB in the reaction feed. With the introduction of artificial graphite, the constructed ternary composite of Si/C-Gr as anode exhibited a further improved electrochemical performances, such as cycling stability, rate performance, and coulombic efficiency. Specially, the Si/C-Gr (1:30:0.7) composite anode has a discharge specific capacity of 1239.9 mAh/g in the first cycle and 922.9 mAh/g in the 100th cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g. And the corresponding coulombic efficiency was 84.5% in the first cycle and maintained at around 98% after 100 cycles. The average discharge specific capacity was 1045.5, 796.08, 688.75, 507.09, and 479.11 mAh/g at the current rate of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1 A/g, respectively. This is attributed to the addition of artificial graphite forming an effective conductive skeleton structure, which enhanced the structural stability of the composite material and improved the electronic conductivity of the electrode material. Also, PVB as functional coating polymer improved the dispersion of Si particles on the surface of graphite. All above reasons enabled the electrode materials to have good electrochemical performances.

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Funding

This work was financial supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51573099), Scientific research project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (LJ2020004 and LJ2020005).

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  1. College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, People’s Republic of China

    Lihuan Xu, Jianan Wang & Chang Su

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  1. Lihuan Xu
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Correspondence to Chang Su.

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Xu, L., Wang, J. & Su, C. Preparation and electrochemical performances for silicon-carbon ternary anode materials with artificial graphite as conductive skeleton. J Solid State Electrochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05790-6

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