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Electrochemical modification of the carbon material surface by hydroxyl groups

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Abstract

Electrochemical pretreatment has attracted increasing attention due to its simplicity, sensitivity, efficiency, and low cost. In this work, the effect of anodic and cathodic pretreatment on the selective formation of surface oxygen functional groups (OFG) was studied on activated carbon materials based on walnut shells. The pretreatment consisted in the application of three modes — cyclic, potentiostatic, and galvanostatic. To compare the effect of the electrolyte solution nature on the formation of OFG, three strong electrolytes were used, i.e., 1 M H2SO4, 1 M Na2SO4, and 1 M NaOH, and three weak electrolytes, i.e., oxalic acid, citric acid, and EDTA. The changes in morphological characteristics and elemental composition after pre-oxidation and reduction were analyzed by SEM and EDX methods. The study by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods revealed that anodic modification of carbon materials under 1 M H2SO4, 1 M Na2SO4, and 1 M NaOH conditions leads to the formation of surface oxygen groups, while modification in cathodic regions does not increase the surface oxygen content. Electrochemical modification using weak electrolytes both at cathodic and anodic modification leads to physical and chemical adsorptions of oxidation and reduction products. During electrochemical modification in the anodic galvanostatic mode under 1 M H2SO4, 1 M Na2SO4, and 1 M NaOH, oxidation of the carbon material surface occurs, which leads to the formation of surface quinone groups, confirmed by CV and EIS methods. For quantitative and qualitative assessments of the efficiency of anodic galvanostatic mode for the formation of quinone groups on the carbon material surface, the adsorption indicator method was used for the first time, which showed an increase of 8–10 times compared to the initial carbon material.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP09058570).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Azhar Atchabarova, Saken Abdimomyn, Dinara Abduakhytova, Kanagat Kishibayev, Yelena Zlobina & Andrey Kurbatov

  2. Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Graziella Liana Turdean

  3. École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Etienne, France

    Thierry Djenizian

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  1. Azhar Atchabarova
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Correspondence to Saken Abdimomyn or Dinara Abduakhytova.

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Atchabarova, A., Abdimomyn, S., Abduakhytova, D. et al. Electrochemical modification of the carbon material surface by hydroxyl groups. J Solid State Electrochem (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05780-8

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