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Does the universal adhesive’s film thickness affect dentin-bonding effectiveness?

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Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the influence of adhesive resin application modalities on the film thickness of the adhesive resin and the effectiveness of a two-step universal adhesive (UA) bonded in self-etch (SE) bonding mode to high C-factor class-I cavity-bottom dentin.

Materials and methods

After application of the primer of G2-Bond Universal (G2B, GC), the adhesive resin was applied into standard class-I cavities (human molars) following four application modalities: (1) one layer, strongly air-blown; (2) one layer, gently air-blown; (3) two layers, each gently air-blown; (4) one layer, not air-blown. After being restored with composite, each tooth was sectioned to obtain one micro-specimen (n = 10), of which the adhesive resin film thickness was measured using optical microscopy. The micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) was tested immediately or upon 100,000 thermocycles. Statistical analyses involved Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U testing (p < 0.05).

Results

G2B’s μTBS was significantly affected by the adhesive resin application modality and aging. Gently air-blowing the adhesive resin resulted in significantly higher immediate μTBS than strong air-blowing or no air-blowing. No significant difference in μTBS was found between single or double gently air-blown adhesive resin applications. The adhesive resin film thickness significantly varied with the application modalities.

Conclusions

A too thin or too thick adhesive resin film thickness adversely affected bond strength of the two-step UA applied in SE mode and high C-factor condition.

Clinical relevance

The adhesive resin layer thickness can affect the bonding performance of two-step UAs in high C-factor cavities. Dental clinicians remain advised to avoid improper air-blowing of UAs and strictly follow the application instructions.

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Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

The company GC is gratefully acknowledged for the donation of materials employed in this study.

Funding

Chuliang Tang’s stay and research conducted as PhD student in BIOMAT of KU Leuven was funded by the China Scholarship Council (File No. 201906270273).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT - Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a - bus 7001, Leuven, 3000, Belgium

    Chuliang Tang, Ben Mercelis, Marleen Peumans & Bart Van Meerbeek

  2. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Health and Medical Research Institute, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan

    Kumiko Yoshihara

  3. Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan

    Kumiko Yoshihara

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  1. Chuliang Tang
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  3. Kumiko Yoshihara
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  4. Marleen Peumans
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  5. Bart Van Meerbeek
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Contributions

C.T. designed and performed the experiment, and wrote the manuscript. B.M. performed the experiment. K.Y. contributed substantially to discussion. M.P. contributed substantially to discussion. B.V.M. contributed to the concept and discussion, and proofread the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bart Van Meerbeek.

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Ethical approval

The human teeth were collected following informed consent approved by the Commission for Medical Ethics of KU Leuven (file number S64350).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Tang, C., Mercelis, B., Yoshihara, K. et al. Does the universal adhesive’s film thickness affect dentin-bonding effectiveness?. Clin Oral Invest 28, 150 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05523-7

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