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Global prevalence of human papillomavirus-related oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Objective

To conduct a systematic review to determine the global prevalence of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Materials and methods

Literature was searched through October 2022 in main databases to address the question “What is the global prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in oral and oropharyngeal cancer?” Studies had to identify HPV by PCR, ISH, or p16 immunohistochemistry to be eligible. Quality was assessed using the JBI checklist for prevalence studies. Meta-analyses were performed, and reporting followed PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Sixty-five studies were included, and most of them had methodological limitations related to sampling and the HPV detection tool. The pooled prevalence of HPV-positivity was 10% (event rate = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.13; P < 0.01; I2 = 88%) in the oral cavity and 42% (event rate = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.49; P = 0.02; I2 = 97%) in oropharynx. The highest HPV prevalence in OSCC was reached by Japan, meanwhile, in OPSCC, Finland and Sweden were the most prevalent. HPV16 is the genotype most frequent with 69% in OSCC and 89% in OPSCC, being the tonsils the intraoral location more affected by HPV (63%, p < 0.01, I2 76%).

Conclusion

The evidence points to an apparent burden in HPV-related OPSCC, mostly in North America, Northern Europe, and Oceania, especially due to the HPV16 infection suggesting different trends across continents.

Clinical relevance

This updated systematic review and meta-analysis provide sufficient evidence about the global HPV prevalence in OSCC and OPSCC and the most frequent HPV subtype worldwide.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Professor Tina Dalianis, Professor Wei Xu, Professor Christian von Buchwald, and Dr Amanda-Louise Fenger Carlander who kindly answered the e-mails and provided, when necessary, the additional information requested.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, 1º Andar. Cidade Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Thamyres Campos Fonsêca, Mário José Romañach, Michelle Agostini & Aline Correa Abrahão

  2. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Lucas Alves Jural, Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez, Marcela Baraúna Magno & Lucianne Cople Maia

  3. Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ana Luiza Oliveira Corrêa Roza

  4. Central Library of the Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Daniele Masterson Tavares Pereira Ferreira

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Contributions

Thamyres Fonseca: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Visualization, Project administration.

Lucas Jural: Software, Validation, Investigation, Prepared all figures.

Guido Marañón-Vásquez: Software, formal analysis, Prepared all figures.

Marcela Magno: Software, formal analysis, Data Curation, Prepared all figures.

Ana Luiza Roza: Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing.

Daniele Ferreira: Methodology, Software, Data Curation.

Lucianne Coplemaia: Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Writing—Review & Editing, Supervision, Project administration.

Mário Romañach: Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Visualization.

Michelle Agostini: Conceptualization, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing.

Aline Abrahão: Conceptualization, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.

All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aline Correa Abrahão.

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Fonsêca, T.C., Jural, L.A., Marañón-Vásquez, G.A. et al. Global prevalence of human papillomavirus-related oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest 28, 62 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05425-0

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