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Design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and shaping ability of 3 heat-treated reciprocating systems: a multimethod investigation

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to compare 3 reciprocating systems regarding design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and shaping ability.

Materials and methods

New Reciproc Blue R25, WaveOne Gold Primary, and REX 25 instruments (n=41 per group) were analyzed regarding design, metallurgy, and mechanical performance, while shaping ability (untouched canal walls, volume of removed dentin, and hard tissue debris) was tested in 36 anatomically matched root canals of mandibular molars. Results were compared using one-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey and Kruskal–Wallis tests with a significant level set at 5%.

Results

All instruments showed symmetrical cross sections with asymmetrical blades, no radial lands, no major defects, and an almost equiatomic nickel and titanium ratio. The highest R-phase start temperatures were observed with WaveOne Gold (46.1°C) and REX (44.8°C), while Reciproc Blue had the lowest R-phase start (34.5°C) and finish (20°C) temperatures. WaveOne Gold had the lowest time to fracture (169 s) and the highest maximum load (301.6 gf) (P <0.05). The maximum torque of Reciproc Blue (2.2 N.cm) and WaveOne Gold (2.1 N.cm) were similar (P >0.05), but lower than REX (2.6 N.cm) (P <0.05). No statistical differences were observed among instruments in the angle of rotation (P >0.05) and in the shaping ability in both mesial and distal canals (P >0.05).

Conclusion

Although the overall design, temperature transition phases and mechanical behavior parameters were different among tested instruments, they were similar in terms of shaping ability.

Clinical relevance

All tested heat-treated NiTi reciprocating systems showed similar shaping ability, without clinically significant errors.

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Acknowledgements

FMBF acknowledges the funding of CENIMAT/i3N by national funds through the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., within the scope of Multiannual Financing of R&D Units, reference UIDB/50025/2020-2023. Fernanda Carvalho is acknowledged for running the DSC tests of the files.

Funding

This work was partially supported by the FAPERJ and CNPq.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Natasha C. Ajuz, Henrique dos Santos Antunes & Victor Talarico Leal Vieira

  2. Departament of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva & Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna

  3. Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva

  4. Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jorge N. R. Martins

  5. Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jorge N. R. Martins

  6. Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jorge N. R. Martins

  7. CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

    Francisco Manuel Braz-Fernandes

  8. Oral Health Center, Brazilian Military Police, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Marco Aurélio Versiani

Authors
  1. Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva
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  7. Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna
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  8. Marco Aurélio Versiani
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Jorge N.R. Martins, Natasha C. Ajuz, Henrique dos Santos Antunes, Victor T. L. Vieira, Francisco Manuel Braz-Fernandes, Felipe G. Belladona, and Marco A. Versiani. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Emmanuel J.N.L. Silva, Jorge N.R. Martins, and Marco A. Versiani, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva.

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Silva, E.J.N.L., Martins, J.N.R., Ajuz, N.C. et al. Design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and shaping ability of 3 heat-treated reciprocating systems: a multimethod investigation. Clin Oral Invest 27, 2427–2436 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04899-2

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