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Adverse effects of deoxycholic acid in submandibular glands, submental, inguinal and subplantar regions: a study in rats

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Abstract

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the submental and subplantar regions of rats, and to histologically analyze the changes caused in the submandibular glands, soft tissues of the paw, and inguinal adipose tissue.

Material and methods

Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into DCA and control (CG) groups. DCA was injected in the submental, inguinal, and subplantar regions, and saline was injected in the CG. The animals were euthanized after 24 h and at 7 and 21 days.

Results

The DCA group showed edema in the submental region in 24 h and in the paw in all experimental times. In the paw there were also erythema and ulceration in 7 days, and alopecia after 21 days. At 21 days, a few animals also showed erythema and ulceration in paw; however, there was no significant difference from CG. Histological analysis of the paw showed an intense inflammatory process, with a predominance of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in 24 h and 7 days. In the adipose tissue, we observed loss of architecture and inflammatory infiltrate, followed with a lower number of adipose cells, and at 21 days, fibroplasia. In the submandibular glands we observed inflammatory infiltration, loss of tissue architecture, and fibrosis.

Conclusions

DCA produces a significant inflammatory process in the structures. It can cause skin ulcerations and, in salivary glands, it causes loss of tissue architecture and fibrosis.

Clinical relevance

There has been growing increase in the use of DCA for aesthetic purposes by health care providers. Due to the presence of important anatomical structures in the submental region, constant vigilance is required to report new adverse effects.

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Funding

This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES) finance code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oral Medicine Division, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Gabriela Alacarini Farina, Valesca Sander Koth, Karen Cherubini & Fernanda Gonçalves Salum

  2. Oral Pathology Division, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Fábio Luiz dal Moro Maito & Márcia Rodrigues Payeras

Authors
  1. Gabriela Alacarini Farina
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  2. Valesca Sander Koth
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  3. Fábio Luiz dal Moro Maito
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  6. Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
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Correspondence to Fernanda Gonçalves Salum.

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Ethics approval

The study was approved by the Scientific Committee of the School of Health and Life Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil and by the Ethics Committee on Animals Use (CEUA) of the same institution (PUCRS, protocol number 9073).

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Farina, G.A., Koth, V.S., Maito, F.L.d.M. et al. Adverse effects of deoxycholic acid in submandibular glands, submental, inguinal and subplantar regions: a study in rats. Clin Oral Invest 26, 2575–2585 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04227-6

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