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Taurine mitigates sodium arsenite–induced cardiorenal dysfunction in cockerel chicks: from toxicological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical stand-points

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Abstract

The Heart and kidney are adversely affected by arsenic toxicity, a highly toxic environmental pollutant.

The aim of this study was to evaluate cardio-renal protective effects of taurine against sodium arsenite–induced toxicity. Taurine (2-amino ethane sulphonic acid; TAU) is a major free intracellular amino acid in many mammalian tissues including the liver. Taurine supplementation has been documented to mitigate steatosis and hepatotoxicity in several animal models.

Sixty cockerel chicks (1-day old) of uniform weight were randomly assigned into six groups of ten cockerel chicks: Group A, Control; Group B, Sodium arsenite (SA) 75 mg/kg body weight; Group C, SA + 100 mg/kg taurine; Group D, SA + 200 mg/kg taurine; Group E, 100 mg/kg taurine and Group F, 200 mg/kg taurine. At the end of the experiment, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, electrolytes, and kidney function tests together with immunohistochemistry of cardiac troponin, gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and podocin were assessed. Our findings revealed significant (P < 0.05) increases in blood pressure parameters, pulse rate, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate) and markers of oxidative stress, prolonged QTc and PR interval with concurrent significant decrease in antioxidant status of cockerels intoxicated with SA. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expressions of cardiac troponin, renal NGAL, and podocin in SA-intoxicated chicks relative to control and taurine-treated chicks.

Our study shows that taurine supplementation improved the electrolytes and electrocardiographic changes, attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers, high blood pressure, and lowered cardiac troponin, renal NGAL and podocin immuno-reactivity.

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Data will be made available on request.

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All results from this research were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and the test of significance between two groups were estimated with Student’s t-test, The One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test. p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant for all value. Graph pad prism 5.0 was used to analyze all values.

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Funding

This work was funded by the African Union, through the Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (including Health and Agriculture) Pan African University, (PAULESI), Nigeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan, Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale & Omolade Abodunrin Oladele

  2. Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (Health and Agriculture), Pan African University, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Adamu Shafiu Maikifi & Leah Oluwaseyanu Esuola

  3. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade & Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi

  4. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Moses Olusola Adetona

  5. Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Oluwasanmi Olayinka Aina

  6. Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa

    Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju

  7. College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington, DC, 20060, USA

    Evaristus Nwulia

  8. Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Engineering & Technology, Houston, TX, USA

    Momoh Audu Yakubu

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  1. Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The authors, Esan Oluwaseun, Adamu Shafiu Maikifi, Leah Oluwaseyanu Esuola, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagabemi and Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale designed the experiment. Esan Oluwaseun, Adamu Shafiu Maikifi, Esuola Leah Oluwaseyanu, performed the immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays. The blood pressure and electrocardiogram were performed by Oluwaseun Esan, Adamu Shafiu Maikifi, and Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale. Moses Olusola Adetona, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Omolade Abodunrin Oladele, Oluwafemi Oguntibeju, Evaristus Nwulia, and Momoh Audu Yakubu supervised, proof-read and approved the submission.

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Correspondence to Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade.

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All the cockerels were kept in spacious cages under normal environmental condition as stipulated by Animal Use and Care Research Ethics Committee (ACUREC) Ibadan. The study was conducted in accordance with the provision of the University of Ibadan ACUREC with approval code (UI-ACUREC/027–0722/7) and according to the NIH Guideline for the handling and care of experimental animals.

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Esan, O., Maikifi, A.S., Esuola, L.O. et al. Taurine mitigates sodium arsenite–induced cardiorenal dysfunction in cockerel chicks: from toxicological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical stand-points. Comp Clin Pathol 32, 769–782 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-023-03485-y

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