Abstract
Background
Some studies have suggested disparities in access to robotic colorectal surgery, however, it is unclear which factors are most meaningful in the determination of approach relative to laparoscopic or open surgery. This study aimed to identify the most influential factors contributing to robotic colorectal surgery utilization.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of published studies that compared the utilization of robotic colorectal surgery versus laparoscopic or open surgery. Eligible studies were identified through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations in September 2021.
Results
Twenty-nine studies were included in the analysis. Patients were less likely to undergo robotic versus laparoscopic surgery if they were female (OR = 0.91, 0.84–0.98), older (OR = 1.61, 1.38–1.88), had Medicare (OR = 0.84, 0.71–0.99), or had comorbidities (OR = 0.83, 0.77–0.91). Non-academic hospitals had lower odds of conducting robotic versus laparoscopic surgery (OR = 0.73, 0.62–0.86). Additional disparities were observed when comparing robotic with open surgery for patients who were Black (OR = 0.78, 0.71–0.86), had lower income (OR = 0.67, 0.62–0.74), had Medicaid (OR = 0.58, 0.43–0.80), or were uninsured (OR = 0.29, 0.21–0.39).
Conclusion
When determining who undergoes robotic surgery, consideration of factors such as age and comorbid conditions may be clinically justified, while other factors seem less justifiable. Black patients and the underinsured were less likely to undergo robotic surgery. This study identifies nonclinical disparities in access to robotics that should be addressed to provide more equitable access to innovations in colorectal surgery.
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The authors extend gratitude to Eleanor Mayfield, ELS, for editorial support.
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This research was supported by 5 For The Fight, Huntsman Cancer Institute, the Medical College of Wisconsin, and the V Foundation for Cancer Research; by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)—an entity of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)—under Grant K01CA234319; and by the Research Foundation of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
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Although unrelated to this study, Charles Rogers offers scientific input to research studies through an investigator services agreement with Exact Sciences, and Erin King-Mullins offers input as an Educational Consultant for THD America. Dana Hayden, Kevin Korous, Erin Brooks, Fa Tuuhetaufa, Abigail Martin, and Chassidy Grimes, have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
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Supplementary file4 (DOCX 20 kb)—Summary of qualitative synthesis findings by each factor across the 29 included studies.docx
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Hayden, D.M., Korous, K.M., Brooks, E. et al. Factors contributing to the utilization of robotic colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 37, 3306–3320 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09793-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09793-8