Abstract
Background
With the development of minimally invasive endoscopic approaches for the esophagus in recent years, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the treatment of esophageal diverticulum has been described recently in some reports due to its successful outcomes. The aim of this study is to report our experience with the use of diverticular POEM (D-POEM) technique in the management of esophageal diverticulum.
Methods
This retrospective study included consecutive patients with symptomatic esophageal diverticulum who visited our endoscopy center between April 2014 and January 2019. D-POEM was performed based on the principles of submucosal endoscopy. A new symptomatic scoring system was introduced to evaluate the severity of diverticular symptoms.
Results
A total of 10 patients with esophageal diverticulum (Zenker’s 2, mid-esophagus 5, and epiphrenic 3) were included. The overall technical success rate of D-POEM was 100%, with a mean procedure time of 38.9 ± 20.5 (range 16–70) min. No serious complications occurred. Clinical improvement was achieved in 90% (9/10) of patients. The symptomatic score was significantly decreased from 2.5 (IQR 2.00–3.25) to 1.0 (IQR 0–1.25) (P = 0.007) during a median follow-up period of 11.0 (IQR 10.25–17.25) months.
Conclusion
These findings suggested complete septotomy by D-POEM. Our preliminary data and experience put forwarded D-POEM as a safe and effective technique for esophageal diverticulum.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ishaq S, Hassan C, Antonello A, Tanner K, Bellisario C, Battaglia G, Anderloni A, Correale L, Sharma P, Baron TH, Repici A (2016) Flexible endoscopic treatment for Zenker's diverticulum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 83(1076–1089):e1075
Hoghooghi D, Coakley FV, Breiman RS, Qayyum A, Yeh BM (2006) Frequency and etiology of midesophageal diverticula at barium esophagography. Clin Imaging 30:245–247
Kilic A, Schuchert MJ, Awais O, Luketich JD, Landreneau RJ (2009) Surgical management of epiphrenic diverticula in the minimally invasive era. JSLS 13:160–164
Jia L, Huang K, Li Y, Tao Z, Wu H (2002) Clinical features and complications of gastrointestinal diverticulum in China. Zhonghua Xiao Hua Za Zhi 07:34–37
Sato H, Takeuchi M, Hashimoto S, Mizuno KI, Furukawa K, Sato A, Yokoyama J, Terai S (2019) Esophageal diverticulum: new perspectives in the era of minimally invasive endoscopic treatment. World J Gastroenterol 25:1457–1464
Nabi Z, Nageshwar Reddy D, Ramchandani M (2018) Recent advances in third-space endoscopy. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 14:224–232
Yang J, Zeng XH, Yuan XL, Chang K, Sanaei O, Fayad L, Kumbhari V, Singh V, Kalloo AN, Hu B, Khashab MA (2019) An international study on the use of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the management of esophageal diverticula: the first multicenter D-POEM experience. Endoscopy 51:346–349
Dakkak M, Bennett JR (1992) A new dysphagia score with objective validation. J Clin Gastroenterol 14:99–100
Eckardt AJ, Eckardt VF (2011) Treatment and surveillance strategies in achalasia: an update. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:311–319
Repici A, Pagano N, Romeo F, Danese S, Arosio M, Rando G, Strangio G, Carlino A, Malesci A (2010) Endoscopic flexible treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: a modification of the needle-knife technique. Endoscopy 42:532–535
Neumann H, Loffler S, Rieger S, Kretschmer C, Nagel A (2015) Endoscopic therapy of Zenker's diverticulum using a novel endoscopic scissor: the Clutch Cutter device. Endoscopy 47(Suppl 1):E430–E431
Rath T, Siebler J, Neurath MF, Nagel A (2018) Treatment of Zenker's diverticulum using a novel grasping-type scissors forceps allows fast, safe, and effective endoscopic diverticulotomy. Endosc Int Open 6:E659–E663
Ishaq S, Sultan H, Siau K, Kuwai T, Mulder CJ, Neumann H (2018) New and emerging techniques for endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: state-of-the-art review. Dig Endosc 30:449–460
Sato H, Sato Y, Takeuchi M, Takahashi K, Takeda SR, Inoue H, Kobayashi M (2015) Salvage peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal diverticulum. Endoscopy 47(Suppl 1):E14–E15
Mou Y, Zeng HZ, Wang QM, Yi H, Liu W, Wen DK, Tang CW, Hu B (2016) Giant mid-esophageal diverticula successfully treated by per-oral endoscopic myotomy. Surg Endosc 30:335–338
Chai N, Linghu E, Zhang X, Yao G, Niu X (2016) Simultaneous performance of one-tunnel per-oral endoscopic myotomy, submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection, and diverticulotomy. Gastrointest Endosc 84:846–847
Li QL, Chen WF, Zhang XC, Cai MY, Zhang YQ, Hu JW, He MJ, Yao LQ, Zhou PH, Xu MD (2016) Submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division: a novel technique for treating Zenker's diverticulum. Gastroenterology 151:1071–1074
Sato H, Sato Y, Hashimoto S, Mizuno K, Nakajima N, Terai S (2016) Gastrointestinal: salvage peroral endoscopic myotomy for outflow obstruction with growing esophageal diverticulum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31:1237
Brieau B, Leblanc S, Bordacahar B, Barret M, Coriat R, Prat F, Chaussade S (2017) Submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division for Zenker's diverticulum: a reproducible procedure for endoscopists who perform peroral endoscopic myotomy. Endoscopy 49:613–614
Otani K, Tanaka S, Kawara F, Fujikawa J, Sawada A, Uemura R, Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Azuma T, Fujiwara Y (2017) Distal esophageal spasm with multiple esophageal diverticula successfully treated by peroral endoscopic myotomy. Clin J Gastroenterol 10:442–446
Tan Y, Zhu H, Liu D (2017) Peroral endoscopic myotomy for an achalasia patient with multiple esophageal diverticula. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 109:81
Balassone V, Pizzicannella M, Biasutto D, Di Matteo FM (2018) Submucosal per-oral endoscopic myotomy for a large Zenker's diverticulum with use of a hydrodissector knife and an over-the-scope clip closure. VideoGIE 3:373–374
Conrado AC, Miranda LEC, Miranda AC, Lima DL (2018) Submucosal tunneling endoscopic myotomy of esophageal epiphrenic diverticulum. Endoscopy 50:E44–E45
Delis K, Robotis J, Sachitzi E, Mastronikola E (2018) Submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division of a Zenker's diverticulum. Ann Gastroenterol 31:634
Demeter M, Banovcin P, Duricek M, Kunda R, Hyrdel R (2018) Peroral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia and large epiphrenic diverticulum. Digest Endosc 30:260–262
Hajifathalian K, Dawod Q, Saumoy M, Kahaleh M (2018) Submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division for treatment of Zenker's diverticulum. Endoscopy 50:E340–E341
Hernandez Mondragon OV, Solorzano Pineda MO, Blancas Valencia JM (2018) Zenker's diverticulum: submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division (Z-POEM). Dig Endosc 30:124
Nabi Z, Reddy DN, Ramchandani M (2018) Per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia with large esophageal diverticulum: the "owl eyes" sign. Gastrointest Endosc 87:1151–1152
Sugihara Y, Harada K, Kato R, Yamauchi K, Sakae H, Kawano S, Hiraoka S, Kawahara Y, Otsuka F, Okada H (2018) A case of diffuse esophageal spasm treated with peroral endoscopic myotomy. Acta Med Okayama 72:595–600
Wu C, Zhang Q, Liu W, Hu B (2018) Successful treatment of giant esophageal diverticulum by per-oral endoscopic myotomy. Endoscopy 50:E107–E108
Liu XY, Li QL, Jiao TW, Sun MJ, Zhou PH (2019) Peroral endoscopic myotomy regains anatomical structure and improves emptying for achalasia with multiple esophageal diverticula. Endoscopy 51:E392–E393
Brewer Gutierrez OI, Ichkhanian Y, Spadaccini M, Vosoughi K, Repici A, Khashab MA (2019) Zenker's diverticulum per-oral endoscopic myotomy techniques: changing paradigms. Gastroenterology 156:2134–2135
Nabi Z, Ramchandani M, Darisetty S, Kotla R, Reddy DN (2019) Per-oral endoscopic myotomy with endoscopic septum division in a case of achalasia with large epiphrenic diverticulum. VideoGIE 4:14–16
Ren LH, Feng YD, Shi RH (2019) Treatment of multiple esophageal diverticula by peroral endoscopic myotomy. Endoscopy 51:E122–E124
Mavrogenis G, Tsevgas I, Zachariadis D, Bazerbachi F (2020) Mucosotomy at the top of the septum facilitates tunneling and clipping during peroral endoscopic myotomy for Zenker's diverticulum (Z-POEM). Ann Gastroenterol 33:101
Cai M, Xu M, Li Q, Chen W, Zhu Y, Zhang D, Yao L, Zhou P (2017) Preliminary results of submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division in the treatment of esophageal diverticulum. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 20:530–534
Yang J, Novak S, Ujiki M, Hernandez O, Desai P, Benias P, Lee D, Chang K, Brieau B, Barret M, Kumta N, Zeng X, Hu B, Delis K, Khashab MA (2020) An international study on the use of peroral endoscopic myotomy in the management of Zenker's diverticulum. Gastrointest Endosc 91:163–168
Maydeo A, Patil GK, Dalal A (2019) Operative technical tricks and 12-month outcomes of diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy (D-POEM) in patients with symptomatic esophageal diverticula. Endoscopy 51:1136–1140
Orlandini B, Barret M, Guillaumot MA, Leandri C, Leblanc S, Prat F, Chaussade S (2019) Per-oral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal diverticula with or without esophageal motility disorders. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2019.03.013
Li X, Zhang W, Yang J, Wang X, Dang Y, Hu B, Cai Q, Zhou P, Zhang G (2019) Safety and efficacy of submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division for epiphrenic diverticula. Endoscopy 51:1141–1145
Thomas ML, Anthony AA, Fosh BG, Finch JG, Maddern GJ (2001) Oesophageal diverticula. Br J Surg 88:629–642
Sato H, Takahashi K, Mizuno KI, Hashimoto S, Yokoyama J, Hasegawa G, Terai S (2018) Esophageal motility disorders: new perspectives from high-resolution manometry and histopathology. J Gastroenterol 53:484–493
Schima W, Schober E, Stacher G, Franz P, Uranitsch K, Pokieser P, Wenzl E, Resch A, Herold CJ (1997) Association of midoesophageal diverticula with oesophageal motor disorders. Videofluoroscopy and manometry. Acta Radiol 38:108–114
Funding
National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0112305).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclosures
Xianhui Zeng, Shuai Bai, Yuhang Zhang, Liansong Ye, Xianglei Yuan, and Bing Hu have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from the patients to publish his information and images.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zeng, X., Bai, S., Zhang, Y. et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of esophageal diverticulum: an experience in China. Surg Endosc 35, 1990–1996 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07593-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07593-6