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Eating Assessment Tool (EAT—10) Scores to Detect Self-Reported Dysphagia in Brazilians

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Abstract

The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) detects swallowing impairments (dysphagia) self-reported by patients according to their perception. This noninvasive, inexpensive, self-administered instrument is quickly and easily filled out. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the scores, sensitivity, and specificity of the method to define self-reported dysphagia in Brazilians. EAT-10 scores were evaluated in 443 healthy individuals (273 women and 170 men), aged 20 to 84 years, with no swallowing difficulties or diseases, and 72 patients with diseases that cause dysphagia (35 women and 37 men), aged 29 to 88 years. Each of the 10 instrument items has a 0–4 rating scale, in which 0 indicates no problem and 4, a severe problem; total results range from 0 to 40. The median EAT-10 score of healthy subjects was 0 (range: 0–20), and that of patients was 14.5 (range: 1–40). Considering a ≥ 3 cutoff score to define dysphagia risk, it was self-reported by 97.2% of patients with dysphagia and 9.5% of no-disease individuals (97.2% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity). The positive predictive value of the test was 63% and the negative predictive value was 99.5%. Healthy women had higher scores (median 0, range: 0–20) than healthy men (median 0, range: 0–8, p < 0.01) and more results indicative of self-reported dysphagia (11.7%) than healthy men (5.9%). The EAT-10 cutoff score to detect self-reported dysphagia in Brazilians should be 3, as previously considered. Healthy women complain more of self-reported dysphagia than healthy men. The test has high sensitivity and specificity.

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Funding

This research received no specific grant from any agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors, and no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Roberto Oliveira Dantas

  2. Public Health Care Center of Echaporã, Echaporã, SP, Brazil

    Leda Maria Tavares Alves

  3. Public Health Care Center of São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil

    Ana Cristina Viana Silva

  4. Public Hospital of the State of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Rachel Aguiar Cassiani

  5. Clinical Nutrition in Pradópolis, Pradópolis, SP, Brazil

    Dauana Cassia Alves

  6. Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Mataró, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Mataró, Spain

    Weslania Viviane Nascimento

  7. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

    Roberto Oliveira Dantas

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  1. Roberto Oliveira Dantas
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  2. Leda Maria Tavares Alves
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  6. Weslania Viviane Nascimento
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Contributions

The authors ROD, LMTA, ACVS, RAC, DCA and WVN participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. They participated in the design of the study, data acquisition and interpretation, initial manuscript writing, and approval of the final version for submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto Oliveira Dantas.

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Conflicts of interest

The authors Roberto O Dantas, Leda MT Alves, Ana CV Silva, Rachel A Cassiani, Dauana C Alves, and Weslania V Nascimento declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Ethical Approval

The investigation was approved by the Human Research Committee of the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, IRB number HCRP 9635/2013.

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Dantas, R.O., Alves, L.M.T., Silva, A.C.V. et al. Eating Assessment Tool (EAT—10) Scores to Detect Self-Reported Dysphagia in Brazilians. Dysphagia 38, 1609–1614 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-023-10588-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-023-10588-9

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