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Cytogenetic and molecular evidence for an additional new species within the taxon Anopheles barbirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

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Abstract

ITS2 DNA sequences of 42 isoline colonies of Anopheles barbirostris species A1 and A2 were analyzed and a new genetic species, temporarily designated as species A4 (Chiang Mai), was revealed. The large sequence divergences of the ITS2 (0.116-0.615), COI (0.023–0.048), and COII (0.030–0.040) genes between A. barbirostris species A4/A1 (Chiang Mai), A4/A2 (Phetchaburi), A4/A3 (Kanchanaburi), and A4/Anopheles campestris-like Form E (Chiang Mai) provided good supporting evidence. Species A1, A2, A3, and A4 share a mitotic karyotype of Form A (X1, X2, Y1). Crossing experiments between species A4 and the other four species yielded strong reproductive isolation producing few and/or non-hatched eggs and inviable and/or abnormal development of the reproductive system of F1 progenies. Moreover, available F1 hybrid larvae showed asynaptic polytene chromosome arms. Hence, molecular and cytogenetic evidence strongly support the existence of A. barbirostris species A4, which is more closely related to A. campestris-like Form E than to species A1, A2, and A3. Additionally, crossing experiments among 12 and seven isolines of different cytological forms of species A1 (A, B, C, D) and A2 (A, B), respectively, yielded fertile and viable F1 progenies. Thus, different karyotypic forms occurring in natural populations of species A1 and A2 merely represent intraspecies variation of sex chromosomes due to the extra blocks of heterochromatin.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. J. Milne for valuable comments on the draft manuscript. We sincerely thank the Biodiversity Research and Training Program (grant no. BRT_250009), the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D Program (grant no. PHD/0031/2550), and the Faculty of Medicine Endowment Fund for financially supporting this research project and Dr. Niwes Nantachit, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University for his interest in this research project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Sittiporn Suwannamit, Atiporn Saeung, Sorawat Thongsahuan, Benjawan Tuetun, Narissara Jariyapan, Pradya Somboon & Wej Choochote

  2. Department of Biology and Center for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Visut Baimai

  3. Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Oita, 879-5593, Japan

    Yasushi Otsuka & Hiroyuki Takaoka

  4. Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn

Authors
  1. Sittiporn Suwannamit
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  2. Visut Baimai
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  3. Yasushi Otsuka
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  4. Atiporn Saeung
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  5. Sorawat Thongsahuan
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  6. Benjawan Tuetun
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  7. Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn
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  8. Narissara Jariyapan
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  9. Pradya Somboon
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  10. Hiroyuki Takaoka
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  11. Wej Choochote
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Correspondence to Wej Choochote.

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Suwannamit, S., Baimai, V., Otsuka, Y. et al. Cytogenetic and molecular evidence for an additional new species within the taxon Anopheles barbirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Parasitol Res 104, 905–918 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-1272-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-1272-1

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