Abstract
Objectives
Cooking oil fumes (COFs) contain many carcinogens. We investigated the association between COFs and incidence risk of colorectal cancer and female breast in chefs.
Methods
We identified Chinese food chefs and non-Chinese food chefs from Taiwan's national database of certified chefs in 1984–2007. In total, 379,275 overall and 259,450 females had not been diagnosed as having any cancer before chef certification. We followed these chefs in Taiwan's Cancer Registry Database (1979–2010) and Taiwan's National Death Statistics Database (1985–2011) for newly diagnosed colorectal cancer and female breast cancer.
Results
A total of 4,218,135 and 2,873,515 person-years were included in our analysis of colorectal cancer and female breast cancer incidence, respectively. Compared to non-Chinese food chefs, the Chinese food chefs had an adjusted IRR for colorectal cancer of 1.65 (95% CI 1.17–2.33). The risk of colorectal cancer was even higher among female Chinese food chefs certified for more than 5 years (adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR) = 2.39, 95% CI 1.38–4.12). For female breast cancer, the risk was also significant (adjusted IRR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.10–1.78) and the risks were even higher in female Chinese food chefs certified for more than 5 years (adjusted IRR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.37–2.22).
Conclusions
This study found that Chinese food chefs had an increased risk of colorectal cancer and female breast cancer, particularly female chefs who had worked for more than 5 years. Future human and animal studies are necessary to re-confirm these findings.
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Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Grants from Taiwan’s Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor (ILOSH-105-0007), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 106-2632-B-037-001-; MOST 106-2314-B-037-030-MY3; MOST 108-2638-B-037-001-MY2), Taiwan’s National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX106-10209PI), and the Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan. The funding organizations played no role in study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to publish.
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and /or national research committee and with 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMU-IRB-20140020).
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Lin, PC., Peng, C., Pan, C. et al. Risk of two common glandular cell-type cancers (breast and colorectal cancers) in Chinese occupational chefs: a nationwide ecological study in Taiwan. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 94, 1363–1373 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01673-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01673-3