Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sex differences in the association between suicidal ideation and neurocognitive function in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that sex differences exist in many clinical manifestations of patients with schizophrenia, including suicidal ideation (SI) and neurocognitive function. The present study was performed to explore the sex differences in the association between SI and neurocognitive function in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. A total of 1188 inpatients with schizophrenia were recruited from multicenter psychiatric hospitals. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was utilized to evaluate the neurocognitive function of all patients. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was utilized to assess the psychopathology of patients. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) was used to assess the severity of SI. In male patients, the suicide risk score was significantly associated with PANSS negative symptoms (r = 0.167, p = 0.043), visuospatial subscale (r = − 0.261, p = 0.001), and RBANS total scores (r = − 0.172, p = 0.037). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the visuospatial subscale (β = − 0.490, t = − 3.273, p = 0.001) was independently associated with the suicide risk score in male patients. In female patients, the suicide risk score was significantly correlated with PANSS positive symptoms (r = 0.249, p = 0.021), negative symptoms (r = 0.394, p < 0.001), general psychopathology (r = 0.276, p = 0.01) and PANSS total score (r = 0.365, p = 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that PANSS negative symptoms (β = 1.849, t = 3.933, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with suicide risk scores in female patients. Our findings indicate that there are sex differences in the association between SI and neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Based on the findings of our study, gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies may make a difference in reducing SI in Chinese schizophrenia patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors declare that data would be available on request from the authors.

References

  1. Sher L, Kahn RS (2019) Suicide in schizophrenia: an educational overview. Medicina (Kaunas) 55(7):361

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K, Sundquist J (2013) Comorbidities and mortality in persons with schizophrenia: a Swedish national cohort study. Am J Psychiatry 170(3):324–333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Saha S, Chant D, McGrath J (2007) A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time? Arch Gen Psychiatry 64(10):1123–1131

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Vestergaard M (2012) Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 25(2):83–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bushe CJ, Taylor M, Haukka J (2010) Mortality in schizophrenia: a measurable clinical endpoint. J psychopharmacol (Oxford, England) 24(4 Suppl):17–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hubers AAM, Moaddine S, Peersmann SHM, Stijnen T, van Duijn E, van der Mast RC et al (2018) Suicidal ideation and subsequent completed suicide in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations: a meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci 27(2):186–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bai W, Liu ZH, Jiang YY, Zhang QE, Rao WW, Cheung T et al (2021) Worldwide prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide plan among people with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys. Transl Psychiatry 11(1):552

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Hor K, Taylor M (2010) Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford, England) 24(4 Suppl):81–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Masedo Gutiérrez AI, Grandón Fernández P, Bustos C, Moreno-Küstner B (2017) Considerations about the assessment of stigma towards persons with schizophrenia: the question of gender. Asian J Psychiatr 28:148–149

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhu MH, Liu ZJ, Hu QY, Yang JY, Jin Y, Zhu N et al (2022) Amisulpride augmentation therapy improves cognitive performance and psychopathology in clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mil Med Res 9(1):59

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Huang Y, Wu K, Jiang R, Zeng X, Zhou S, Guo W et al (2021) Suicide attempts, neurocognitive dysfunctions and clinical correlates in middle-aged and elderly chinese schizophrenia patients. Front Psych 12:684653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Delaney C, McGrane J, Cummings E, Morris DW, Tropea D, Gill M et al (2012) Preserved cognitive function is associated with suicidal ideation and single suicide attempts in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 140(1–3):232–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Villa J, Choi J, Kangas JL, Kaufmann CN, Harvey PD, Depp CA (2018) Associations of suicidality with cognitive ability and cognitive insight in outpatients with Schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 192:340–344

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Fernández-Sevillano J, González-Pinto A, Rodríguez-Revuelta J, Alberich S, Gónzalez-Blanco L, Zorrilla I et al (2021) Suicidal behaviour and cognition: a systematic review with special focus on prefrontal deficits. J Affect Disord 278:488–496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Tarrier N, Kelly J, Maqsood S, Snelson N, Maxwell J, Law H et al (2014) The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophr Res 156(2–3):204–210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Barrett EA, Sundet K, Simonsen C, Agartz I, Lorentzen S, Mehlum L et al (2011) Neurocognitive functioning and suicidality in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Compr Psychiatry 52(2):156–163

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Li Z, Liu X, Xu H, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Wu X et al (2021) Sex difference in comorbid depression in first-episode and drug-naive patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the depression in schizophrenia in China Study. Psychosom Med 83(9):1082–1088

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhou Y, Song X, Guo Y, Lang X, Li Z, Zhang XY (2021) Sex differences in metabolic disorder patterns of first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 124:105061

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhu M, Liu Z, Guo Y, Sultana MS, Wu K, Lang X et al (2021) Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. J Neuroinflammation 18(1):202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Huang X, Bao C, Lv Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Lang X et al (2020) Sex difference in cognitive impairment in drug-free schizophrenia: association with miR-195 levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology 119:104748

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Clapham E, Bodén R, Brandt L, Jönsson EG, Bahmanyar S, Ekbom A et al (2019) Suicide ideation and behavior as risk factors for subsequent suicide in schizophrenia: a nested case-control study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 49(4):996–1005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Dong M, Wang SB, Wang F, Zhang L, Ungvari GS, Ng CH et al (2019) Suicide-related behaviours in schizophrenia in China: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci 28(3):290–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Denney JT, Rogers RG, Krueger PM, Wadsworth T (2009) Adult suicide mortality in the United States: marital status, family size, socioeconomic status, and differences by sex. Soc Sci Q 90(5):1167

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Brébion G, Stephan-Otto C, Ochoa S, Nieto L, Contel M, Usall J (2018) Verbal fluency in male and female schizophrenia patients: Different patterns of association with processing speed, working memory span, and clinical symptoms. Neuropsychology 32(1):65–76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Leger M, Neill JC (2016) A systematic review comparing sex differences in cognitive function in schizophrenia and in rodent models for schizophrenia, implications for improved therapeutic strategies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 68:979–1000

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mendrek A, Mancini-Marïe A (2016) Sex/gender differences in the brain and cognition in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 67:57–78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ko YS, Tsai HC, Chi MH, Su CC, Lee IH, Chen PS et al (2018) Higher mortality and years of potential life lost of suicide in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 270:531–537

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Fuller-Thomson E, Hollister B (2016) Schizophrenia and suicide attempts: findings from a representative community-based canadian sample. Schizophr Res Treat 2016:3165243

    Google Scholar 

  29. Pu C, Qiu Y, Zhou T, Yang F, Lu Z, Wang C et al (2019) Gender differences of neurocognitive functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia in China. Compr Psychiatry 95:152132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ittig S, Studerus E, Papmeyer M, Uttinger M, Koranyi S, Ramyead A et al (2015) Sex differences in cognitive functioning in at-risk mental state for psychosis, first episode psychosis and healthy control subjects. Eur Psychiatry 30(2):242–250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hamson DK, Roes MM, Galea LA (2016) Sex hormones and cognition: neuroendocrine influences on memory and learning. Compr Physiol 6(3):1295–1337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13(2):261–276

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Beck AT, Kovacs M, Weissman A (1979) Assessment of suicidal intention: the scale for suicide ideation. J Consult Clin Psychol 47(2):343–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang J, Lester D, Zhao S, Zhou C (2013) Suicidal ideation and its correlates: testing the interpersonal theory of suicide in Chinese students. Arch Suicide Res 17(3):236–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Turecki G, Brent DA, Gunnell D, O’Connor RC, Oquendo MA, Pirkis J et al (2019) Suicide and suicide risk. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5(1):74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Beautrais AL (2003) Understanding suicidal behaviour: the suicidal process approach to research, treatment and prevention. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 37(1):128–129

    Google Scholar 

  37. Zhang BH, Tan YL, Zhang WF, Wang ZR, Zhou DF (2008) Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) as a screening test in Chinese: reliability and validity. Chin Ment Health J 22(12):865–869

    Google Scholar 

  38. Zhu R, Wang D, Tian Y, Du Y, Chen J, Zhou H et al (2022) Sex difference in association between insomnia and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 240:143–149

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Roesch-Ely D, Hornberger E, Weiland S, Hornstein C, Parzer P, Thomas C et al (2009) Do sex differences affect prefrontal cortex associated cognition in schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 107(2–3):255–261

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhang B, Han M, Tan S, De Yang F, Tan Y, Jiang S et al (2017) Gender differences measured by the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery in chronic schizophrenia patients. Sci Rep 7(1):11821

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhao N, Wang XH, Kang CY, Zheng Y, Yang LY, Guan TF et al (2021) Sex differences in association between cognitive impairment and clinical correlates in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 20(1):26

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Dong R, Zhao NO, Wu HE, Yu L, Zhang XY (2021) Sex differences in the association between serum BDNF and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients using various antipsychotics. J Psychiatr Res 138:492–499

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Wei CW, Chen YQ, Ma M, Xiu MH, Zhang XY (2020) Sex differences in the association of body mass index with symptoms and cognitive deficits in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 10(1):18

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Han M, Huang XF, Chen DC, Xiu MH, Hui L, Liu H et al (2012) Gender differences in cognitive function of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 39(2):358–363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Koolschijn PC, Crone EA (2013) Sex differences and structural brain maturation from childhood to early adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 5:106–118

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Jollant F, Bellivier F, Leboyer M, Astruc B, Torres S, Verdier R et al (2005) Impaired decision making in suicide attempters. Am J Psychiatry 162(2):304–310

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. McGirr A, Dombrovski AY, Butters MA, Clark L, Szanto K (2012) Deterministic learning and attempted suicide among older depressed individuals: cognitive assessment using the Wisconsin card sorting task. J Psychiatr Res 46(2):226–232

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bredemeier K, Miller IW (2015) Executive function and suicidality: a systematic qualitative review. Clin Psychol Rev 40:170–183

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Davis RN, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2000) Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators. Cogn Ther Res 24(6):699–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Donohoe G, Hayden J, McGlade N, O’Gráda C, Burke T, Barry S et al (2009) Is “clinical” insight the same as “cognitive” insight in schizophrenia? J Int Neuropsychol Soc 15(3):471–475

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Crumlish N, Whitty P, Kamali M, Clarke M, Browne S, McTigue O et al (2005) Early insight predicts depression and attempted suicide after 4 years in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 112(6):449–455

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Amore M, Murri MB, Calcagno P, Rocca P, Rossi A, Aguglia E et al (2020) The association between insight and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: undirected and Bayesian network analyses. Eur Psychiatry 63(1):1–21

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Lien YJ, Chang HA, Kao YC, Tzeng NS, Yeh CB, Loh CH (2018) Self-stigma mediates the impact of insight on current suicide ideation in suicide attempters with schizophrenia: results of a moderated mediation approach. Suicide Life Threat Behav 48(6):661–676

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Verma D, Srivastava MK, Singh SK, Bhatia T, Deshpande SN (2016) Lifetime suicide intent, executive function and insight in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Schizophr Res 178(1–3):12–16

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Potkin SG, Anand R, Alphs L, Fleming K (2003) Neurocognitive performance does not correlate with suicidality in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients at risk for suicide. Schizophr Res 59(1):59–66

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. MacLusky NJ, Hajszan T, Prange-Kiel J, Leranth C (2006) Androgen modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuroscience 138(3):957–965

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Martin SJ, Grimwood PD, Morris RG (2000) Synaptic plasticity and memory: an evaluation of the hypothesis. Annu Rev Neurosci 23:649–711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Beauchet O (2006) Testosterone and cognitive function: current clinical evidence of a relationship. Eur J Endocrinol 155(6):773–781

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Moffat SD (2005) Effects of testosterone on cognitive and brain aging in elderly men. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1055:80–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Tan S, Sohrabi HR, Weinborn M, Tegg M, Bucks RS, Taddei K et al (2019) Effects of testosterone supplementation on separate cognitive domains in cognitively healthy older men: a meta-analysis of current randomized clinical trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 27(11):1232–1246

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Moore L, Kyaw M, Vercammen A, Lenroot R, Kulkarni J, Curtis J et al (2013) Serum testosterone levels are related to cognitive function in men with schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38(9):1717–1728

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Cherrier MM, Matsumoto AM, Amory JK, Asthana S, Bremner W, Peskind ER et al (2005) Testosterone improves spatial memory in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 64(12):2063–2068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Tripodianakis J, Markianos M, Rouvali O, Istikoglou C (2007) Gonadal axis hormones in psychiatric male patients after a suicide attempt. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 257(3):135–139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Duca Y, Aversa A, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, La Vignera S (2019) Substance abuse and male hypogonadism. J clin Med 8(5):732

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Sher L (2012) Testosterone and suicidal behavior. Expert Rev Neurother 12(3):257–259

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Lundh LG, Simonsson-Sarnecki M (2001) Alexithymia, emotion, and somatic complaints. J Pers 69(3):483–510

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Koh KB, Kim DK, Kim SY, Park JK, Han M (2008) The relation between anger management style, mood and somatic symptoms in anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders. Psychiatry Res 160(3):372–379

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhou X, Peng Y, Zhu X, Yao S, Dere J, Chentsova-Dutton YE et al (2016) From culture to symptom: testing a structural model of “Chinese somatization.” Transcult Psychiatry 53(1):3–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Player MJ, Proudfoot J, Fogarty A, Whittle E, Spurrier M, Shand F et al (2015) What interrupts suicide attempts in men: a qualitative study. PLoS ONE 10(6):e0128180

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Chang Q, Wu D, Rong H, Wu Z, Tao W, Liu H et al (2019) Suicide ideation, suicide attempts, their sociodemographic and clinical associates among the elderly Chinese patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Affect Disord 256:611–617

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Tarrier N, Gooding P, Gregg L, Johnson J, Drake R (2007) Suicide schema in schizophrenia: the effect of emotional reactivity, negative symptoms and schema elaboration. Behav Res Ther 45(9):2090–2097

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Segalovich J, Doron A, Behrbalk P, Kurs R, Romem P (2013) Internalization of stigma and self-esteem as it affects the capacity for intimacy among patients with schizophrenia. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 27(5):231–234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Kring AM, Elis O (2013) Emotion deficits in people with schizophrenia. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 9:409–433

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Corrigan PW, Rao D (2012) On the self-stigma of mental illness: stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. Can J Psychiatry 57(8):464–469

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Baca-García E, Diaz-Sastre C, Ceverino A, Saiz-Ruiz J, Diaz FJ, de Leon J (2003) Association between the menses and suicide attempts: a replication study. Psychosom Med 65(2):237–244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Baca-Garcia E, Diaz-Sastre C, Ceverino A, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Navarro-Jimenez R, Lopez-Castroman J et al (2010) Suicide attempts among women during low estradiol/low progesterone states. J Psychiatr Res 44(4):209–214

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Saunders KE, Hawton K (2006) Suicidal behaviour and the menstrual cycle. Psychol Med 36(7):901–912

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. McGregor C, Riordan A, Thornton J (2017) Estrogens and the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia: possible neuroprotective mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol 47:19–33

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Farage MA, Osborn TW, MacLean AB (2008) Cognitive, sensory, and emotional changes associated with the menstrual cycle: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 278(4):299–307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Hoff AL, Kremen WS, Wieneke MH, Lauriello J, Blankfeld HM, Faustman WO et al (2001) Association of estrogen levels with neuropsychological performance in women with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 158(7):1134–1139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Thank you to all the participants.

Funding

This study was funded by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (202206060005, 202201010093, 2023A03J0856, 2023A03J0839), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Outstanding Youth Project (2021B1515020064), Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong (A2023224), the Natural Science Foundation Program of Guangdong (2023A1515011383), the Health Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou（20231A010036), Guangzhou Municipal Key Discipline in Medicine (2021-2023), Guangzhou High-level Clinical Key Specialty and Guangzhou Research-oriented Hospital.The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Fengchun Wu and Yun Yi contributed equally to this paper. They should be considered as Joint First-authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China

    Fengchun Wu, Yun Yi, Hehua Li, Yangdong Feng, Shixuan Feng, Sumiao Zhou, Yuanyuan Huang, Zezhi Li & Xiangyang Zhang

  2. Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China

    Fengchun Wu

  3. Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Fengchun Wu & Zezhi Li

  4. Department of Psychiatry, The Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China

    Yun Yi, Qiang Chen & Lanfang Luo

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China

    Yunling Lian

  6. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Hanlun Yang

  7. CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Xiangyang Zhang

Authors
  1. Fengchun Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yun Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yunling Lian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qiang Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lanfang Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hanlun Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hehua Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yangdong Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Shixuan Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Sumiao Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Yuanyuan Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Zezhi Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Xiangyang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

XZ, FW, ZL and YH designed the study. HL, YF, SF, SZ screened the pateints and collected the data. YL, QC, LL and HY collected the literatures and cleaned the data. FW and YY performed the statistical analysis. FW, YY, YH, ZL and XZ wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yuanyuan Huang, Zezhi Li or Xiangyang Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, F., Yi, Y., Lian, Y. et al. Sex differences in the association between suicidal ideation and neurocognitive function in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01616-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01616-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation