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The stereological, immunohistological, and gene expression studies in an infected ischemic wound in diabetic rats treated by human adipose-derived stem cells and photobiomodulation

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Abstract

We investigated the impacts of photobiomodulation (PBM) and human allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ha-ADS) together and or alone applications on the stereological parameters, immunohistochemical characterizing of M1 and M2 macrophages, and mRNA levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) on inflammation (day 4) and proliferation phases (day 8) of repairing tissues in an infected delayed healing and ischemic wound model (IDHIWM) in type 1 diabetic (DM1) rats. DM1 was created in 48 rats and an IDHIWM was made in all of them, and they were distributed into 4 groups. Group1 = control rats with no treatment. Group2 = rats received (10 × 100000 ha-ADS). Group3 = rats exposed to PBM (890 nm, 80 Hz, 3.46 J/cm2). Group4 = rats received both PBM and ha-ADS. On day 8, there were significantly higher neutrophils in the control group than in other groups (p < 0.01). There were substantially higher macrophages in the PBM + ha-ADS group than in other groups on days 4 and 8 (p < 0.001). Granulation tissue volume, on both days 4 and 8, was meaningfully greater in all treatment groups than in the control group (all, p = 0.000). Results of M1 and M2 macrophage counts of repairing tissue in the entire treatment groups were considered preferable to those in the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding stereological and macrophage phenotyping, the results of the PBM + ha-ADS group were better than the ha-ADS and PBM groups. Results of the tested gene expression of repairing tissue on inflammation and proliferation steps in PBM and PBM + ha-ADS groups were meaningfully better than the control and ha-ADS groups (p < 0.05). We showed that PBM, ha-ADS, and PBM plus ha-ADS, hastened the proliferation step of healing in an IDHIWM in rats with DM1 by regulation of the inflammatory reaction, macrophage phenotyping, and augmented granulation tissue formation. In addition PBM and PBM plus ha-ADS protocols hastened and increased mRNA levels of HIF-1α, bFGF, SDF-1α, and VEGF-A. Totally, in terms of stereological and immuno-histological tests, and also gene expression HIF-1α and VEGF-A, the results of PBM + ha-ADS were superior (additive) to PBM, and ha-ADS alone treatments.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported in part by Dr. Anwarul Hasan, and also by NIH grants no R44DK133065, and no R44DK105692.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Roohollah Ebrahimpour-Malekshah

  2. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Abdollah Amini, Houssein Ahmadi, Fatemeh Zare, Sobhan Safaju & Amirhossein Shahbazi

  3. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Atarodalsadat Mostafavinia

  4. Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Noveratech LLC of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Sufan Chien & Mohammad Bayat

  5. College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA

    Fatemehalsadat Rezaei

  6. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar

    Anwarul Hasan

  7. Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar

    Anwarul Hasan

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  1. Roohollah Ebrahimpour-Malekshah
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Contributions

“MB,” wrote the manuscript. “REM, HA, FR, SF, AS” performed the methods,” AM” performed statistical tests and provided figures. “AA, SH, and AH” added their comments to the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript”.

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Correspondence to Anwarul Hasan or Mohammad Bayat.

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Medical Ethics Department of the School of Medicine at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences confirmed the experimentation (file no: IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1398.394).

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Ebrahimpour-Malekshah, R., Amini, A., Mostafavinia, A. et al. The stereological, immunohistological, and gene expression studies in an infected ischemic wound in diabetic rats treated by human adipose-derived stem cells and photobiomodulation. Arch Dermatol Res 315, 1717–1734 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-023-02563-z

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