Abstract
In recent decades, Arctic summer sea ice extent (SIE) has shown a rapid decline overlaid with large interannual variations, both of which are influenced by geopotential height anomalies over Greenland (GL-high) and the central Arctic (CA-high). In this study, SIE along coastal Siberia (Sib-SIE) and Alaska (Ala-SIE) is found to account for about 65% and 21% of the Arctic SIE interannual variability, respectively. Variability in Ala-SIE is related to the GL-high, whereas variability in Sib-SIE is related to the CA-high. A decreased Ala-SIE is associated with decreased cloud cover and increased easterly winds along the Alaskan coast, promoting ice—albedo feedback. A decreased Sib-SIE is associated with a significant increase in water vapor and downward longwave radiation (DLR) along the Siberian coast. The years 2012 and 2020 with minimum recorded ASIE are used as examples. Compared to climatology, summer 2012 is characterized by a significantly enhanced GL-high with major sea ice loss along the Alaskan coast, while summer 2020 is characterized by an enhanced CA-high with sea ice loss focused along the Siberian coast. In 2012, the lack of cloud cover along the Alaskan coast contributed to an increase in incoming solar radiation, amplifying ice-albedo feedback there; while in 2020, the opposite occurs with an increase in cloud cover along the Alaskan coast, resulting in a slight increase in sea ice there. Along the Siberian coast, increased DLR in 2020 plays a dominant role in sea ice loss, and increased cloud cover and water vapor both contribute to the increased DLR.
摘要
近四十年来,夏季北极海冰范围呈现快速下降,且呈现较强的年际变率。以往研究表明夏季海冰范围的快速减少和年际变率都受到格陵兰高压和北极中央高压的调制。本研究发现沿西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的夏季北极海冰范围分别占到总体海冰范围年际变化的65%和21%。阿拉斯加夏季北极海冰范围的年际变化与格陵兰高压有关。格陵兰高压加强后导致阿拉斯加沿岸云量减少和东风增加。这两个过程促进了冰-反照率反馈。而西伯利亚夏季北极海冰范围的年际变化与北极中央高压有关。西伯利亚夏季北极海冰范围的减少伴随着西伯利亚沿岸的水汽和下行长波辐射的显著增加。以近40年9月海冰面积最低记录的2012年和第二低值的2020年为例。与气候态相比,2012年夏季环流场主要表现为格陵兰高压明显增强,海冰在沿阿拉斯加沿岸大量损失;而2020年夏季环流场主要表现为北极中央高压增强,海冰损失集中在西伯利亚沿岸。2012年,阿拉斯加沿岸云量较少,导致入射太阳辐射增加,放大了波弗特海地区的冰-反照率反馈;而2020年则相反,阿拉斯加沿岸的云量增多,导致该地区的海冰略有增加。2020年下行长波辐射在西伯利亚沿岸的增加在海冰损失中起主导作用,云量和水汽的增加都对下行长波辐射的增加有贡献。
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFC2802504 and 2019YFC1509104) and the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (Grant No. 311021008).
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• Sea ice extent (SIE) along coastal Siberia (Sib-SIE) and Alaska (Ala-SIE) accounts for about 65% and 21% of the Arctic SIE interannual variability, respectively.
• Variability in Ala-SIE is related to the Greenland high, whereas variability in Sib-SIE is related to the central Arctic high.
• The SIE record lows in 2012 and 2020 are related to the enhanced Greenland high and the central Arctic high, respectively, and the associated feedback processes.
This paper is a contribution to the special issue on Changing Arctic Climate and Low/Mid-latitudes Connections.
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Wang, S., Liu, J., Cheng, X. et al. Separation of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Governing Regional Variability of Arctic Sea Ice in Summer. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 40, 2344–2361 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2176-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2176-1