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Response of metabolic hormones and blood metabolites to realimentation in rehabilitated harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups

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Abstract

Mammals with increased requirements for adipose tissue stores, such as marine mammals, have altered nutrient allocation priorities compared to many terrestrial mammals and thus the physiological response to undernutrition (low nutritional status) and realimentation (refeeding) may differ. Key regulators of nutrient allocation and tissue specific growth include metabolic hormones of the somatotropic axis, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, as well as satiety and adipose promoting ghrelin and the stress hormone cortisol. Longitudinal measurements of metabolic hormones, blood metabolites, and morphometrics were collected over a 10-week period in twelve (male n = 3, female n = 9) harbor seal pups (< 6 weeks of age). Blood metabolites were used to indicate metabolic response during realimentation while morphometrics estimated tissue specific growth priorities. Harbor seal pups undergoing refeeding after nutritional deprivation show a preference for protein sparing despite severe malnutrition. Both BUN and total protein were negatively associated with GH and positively associated with IGF-I and ghrelin highlighting the importance of these metabolic hormones in the regulation of protein metabolism. While the response of the somatotropic axis to realimentation was typical of the mammalian pattern, the surprising increase of ghrelin across the study period suggests the priority of adipose accretion in addition to a possible mechanism regulating compensatory growth of vital adipose stores in a species, which prioritizes adipose accretion for survival.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank The Marine Mammal Center for their collaboration, providing serum samples, morphometric and diet data. The authors thank Cory D Champagne and two anonymous reviewers for comprehensive, through and constructive edits that vastly improved the quality and clarity of this manuscript. Animal protocols were reviewed and approved by the University of North Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC # 12-006W). The Marine Mammal Center is authorized by NOAA NMFS permit for Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Permit #18786. Funding for this project was provided by UNF Coastal Biology Program and laboratory start-up funds issued to J. Avery.

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  1. Julie P. Avery

    Present address: Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1764 Tanana Loop, PO Box 75 5910, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Rachael E. Dailey, Kacie Smith & Julie P. Avery

  2. The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA

    Christine Fontaine

  3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Yisu Jia

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Dailey, R.E., Smith, K., Fontaine, C. et al. Response of metabolic hormones and blood metabolites to realimentation in rehabilitated harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups. J Comp Physiol B 190, 629–640 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-020-01290-5

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