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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differential Gene Expression in Garlic Aerial Bulbs in Response to Gibberellin Application

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Abstract

The long-followed practice of using garlic cloves for garlic asexual reproduction has resulted in virus accumulation and genetic depression. Aerial bulbs, the preferred material for virus-free garlic seedling cultivation in vitro, undergo dormancy, but gibberellin can quickly break this state. In this study, exogenous GA3 was applied to dormant aerial bulbs and transcriptome sequencing was then performed using control and gibberellin-treated aerial bulbs. Genes differentially expressed in response to the gibberellin treatment were analyzed and screened and their relationship to GA3-induced dormancy break of aerial bulbs was explored. According to our results, exogenous GA3 was able to effectively break aerial bulb dormancy. Transcriptome sequencing uncovered 4931 and 74,636 genes that were respectively up- and down-regulated in response to gibberellin treatment. 37,957 differentially expressed genes were successfully assigned to KEGG pathways, among which the most DEGs were annotated in metabolism pathway (23,245 genes, accounting for 61.24%), followed by the genetic information processing pathway (9235 genes, accounting for 24.33%). More DEGs were enriched in spliceosome, ribosome, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways and the enrichment results were significant. In addition, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways are active. The significant DEGs related to calcium signaling, hormonal signaling, and transcription factors were screened out. Among them, the expression of DEGs related to hormonal signaling was consistent with the change of endogenous hormone content in aerial bulbs. Finally, the outcome of a qRT-PCR analysis was consistent with our transcriptome sequencing results, thus indicating that the latter was reliable.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. ZR2016CM33) and the Opening Foundation of Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture (Grant No. IVF201805).

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Author notes

  1. Yuhui Dong and Hongcheng Fang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China

    Yujiao Hou, Yaping Zhao, Xiudong Sun & Shiqi Liu

  2. State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018, China

    Yuhui Dong & Hongcheng Fang

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  1. Yuhui Dong
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Contributions

YD and HF were responsible for collecting tissue samples. YH and YZ performed the RNA extractions and preparations. YD, HF, and YZ analyzed the data. YD, XS, and SL contributed to the writing and revising of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shiqi Liu.

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Dong, Y., Fang, H., Hou, Y. et al. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differential Gene Expression in Garlic Aerial Bulbs in Response to Gibberellin Application. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 2967–2979 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10488-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10488-y

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